Study Guide

This guide is meant to help you focus which subjects, materials, and definitions you should concentrate on in your studying for the midterm exam.  Also remember that a study guide is meant to be a guide only, not an all encompassing manual.  There may be topics in this guide that do not appear on the exam and topics not in this guide that will be on the exam.  

There will be a review session on Monday the 12th, from 3:00 to 5:00pm in room 2009 in the Ruthven Museum Building (the place where we did the tour).  We will address any questions or confusions that may arise.

Be able to define:
MNI
NISP
Pleistocene
Holocene
Upper Paleolithic
Middle Paleolithic
Lower Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Paleo Indian
Archaic
hard hammer
soft hammer
pressure flaking
unifacial tool
bifacial tool
core
cortex
flake
flake scar
retouched flake
blade
prepared core
Levallois
hafting
fluting
sexual dimorphism
zone of accumulation
zone of ablation
microlith
domestication

Be able to discuss:
faunal analysis
floral analysis
coprolite 
biochemical evidence
site catchment
site content catchment
Potassium Argon Dating
Cranial landmarks in early hominds/modern humans/primates
Homo erectus and the colonization of Europe and Asia
competing theories for the evolution of modern human (Out of Africa, Genetic Replacement, Multiregionalism)
Models for expansion of hominids into Europe
Effects of glaciers and changes that occur with glacial advances and glacial withdrawals
The relationships (or lack thereof) between biology and technology
Different models for the Colonization of Americas (Beringia and Ice Free Corridor, seaborne models, short chronology, long chronology, Müller-Beck’s Model, Solutrean model)
Broad Spectrum Economy
markers of plant domestication
markers of animal domestication
models of domestication (Oasis hypothesis, Settling In/Readiness Hypothesis, Cultural Ecology Model) 

Important Hominids:
Australopithecus anamensis
Australopithecus afarensis
Australopithecus africanus
Australopithecus robostus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Neanderthals (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens)

Important Industries:
Pebble Tool Industries, including Oldowan
Acheulean
Mousterian
Chatelperronian
Aurignacian
Gravettian
Soloutrean
Magdelenian
Clovis
Folsom
Microlithic tradition

Important Sites:
Olduvai Gorge
Sterkfontein Valley
Koobi Fora
Laetoli
JK Pits
Ubeudiya
Trinil Beds
Zhoukoudian
Dmanisi
Clacton
Terra Amata
Lazaret
Torallba and Ambrona
Olorgesailie
Shanidar
Kebara Cave
Lascaux
Folsom
Monte Verde
Meadowcroft
Lepenski Vir
Oleneostrovski
Catal Huyuk
Franchthi Cave

Important People:
Raymond Dart
Lewis Leakey
Mary Leakey
Donald Johanson
Carbonell et al
Müller-Beck
V. Gordon Childe
Kenneth Feder