Material and method used to filter out unwanted material and collect what is needed. It is additionally used in the reflux reaction that has very small holes to allow small molecules to pass but block large molecules. Many molecular sieves are used as desiccants. An example of molecular sieve is silica gel used in column chromatography and other procedures. It is used in the purification of gas streams and in separating compounds, drying reagents, and starting materials.
Reflux is a technique used in laboratory distillations to provide energy to reactions that occur over a long period of time. This process increases the reaction rate by adding more energy, allowing a reaction that may not occur at normal conditions to occur faster. With this idea, the reaction can occur for a longer period of time without the addition of more solvent to the system, because the condenser is cool, due to water flowing through it, to condense the solvent back into the system.
Used in epoxidation. It breaks the double bond on the ring and creates an epoxide instead. The oxygen that forms the epoxide comes from DMDO.
A method used to blow out and remove solvent from the materials collected. It provides a continuous flow or argon to the reflux system created.
It is used as solvent and has been known to cause temporary psychological addiction, sometimes referred to as etheromania.
It reacts with the anhydrous ether. Additionally, it is a Lewis acid which cases the epoxide to open. Moreover, because it is an acid, it will open up at the more substituted site.
It is the method used to separate drying agent (MgSO4) from solvent. The solid MgSO4 is separated from the liquid phase, the solvent, by passing the mixture over a filtering media.
This type of chromatography is called the medium pressure chromatography It differs from the traditional chromatography technique in two ways: first, slightly smaller silica gel particles (250-‐400 mesh) are used, and second, due to restricted flow of solvent caused by the small gel particles, pressurized gas (ca. 10-‐15 psi) is used to drive the solvent through the column of stationary phase. The end result is a rapid and high resolution chromatography
These are diastereomers that differ in the arrangement of only one stereogenic center. Diastereomers are a class of stereoisomers that are non-‐ superimposable, non-‐mirror images of one another. An example of it is shown below.
