Urbanization Transition: Domestic
Male migration
- Agricultural Push
- Land originally owned by families
- Families grew and resources diminished
- Young men left to reduce food burden on family
- Labor Pull
- British policies caused labor demand in South, especially in agriculture, and labor supply in North
- Social Pull
- Young men encouraged to make money in cities and return with wealth to villages
- Result: Initial one-sided bulge of men into cities
Female migration
- Economic Pull
- Women not encouraged to migrate
- Due to economic necessity
- Most forced into commercial sex work