Movement Science 340 Exercise Physiology

http://www.umich.edu/~exphysio/mvs.340/mvs.340.homepage.html


Exam #2 Study Questions

 

Below is a listing of possible exam questions. Exam #1 will derive from this list, with possible additional questions added. Each question has an associated point value. The exam will be only 100 points.

  1. As an exercise physiologist, what would you say to a person who feels the need to work on proper techniques of breathing to increase their “wind” and eliminate the feelings of being “out of breath” when running continuously for 20 to 30 minutes?
  2. How would you respond to the high school football coach who asks you about the advisability of having a tank of oxygen on the sidelines so players might breathe from it during time outs or rest breaks?
  3. A person attempts to “squeeze out” a maximum lift in the standing press. After straining to complete the lift the person states: “I feel slightly dizzy and see spots before my eyes?” Provide a plausible physiologic explanation. What should you do?
  4. Discuss the following statement: “Task-specific aerobic exercise training not only trains the cardiovascular system and local musculature, but also trains the nervous system to facilitate physiologic adjustments to the specific form of exercise.”
  5. The Romans executed criminals by tying their arms and legs to a cross hanging in the vertical position. Discuss the physiologic responses that would cause death under these circumstances.
  6. If heart transplantation surgically removes all nerves to the myocardium, why does heart rate increase for these patients during physical activity? Explain.
  7. Discuss whether regular physical activity benefits a person even if exercise remains insufficient to stimulate a training effect.
  8. Respond to the question: “How long must I exercise to get in shape?”
  9. Outline information you would need to know to develop a program to effectively improve aerobic capacity for the specific physical job performance requirements for firefighters.
  10. If women respond to resistance training essentially the same as men, why doesn’t the upper arm girth of female body builders equal their male counterparts?
  11. Outline steps you would take to design a resistance-training program for previously sedentary middle-aged men and women.
  12. Describe the ideal resistance training equipment for a competitive sprint swimmer.
  13. What arguments would you give to counter the position that there exists no true sex difference in body fat, but only a difference that results from sex-related patterns of regular physical activity and caloric intake.
  14. A friend of yours complains that three different fitness centers determined her percent body fat from fatfolds as follows: 25%, 29%, and 21%. How can you reconcile these differences?
  15. How come a singular prototype for body composition (% fat, fat-free body mass) does not emerge when one analyzes the body composition of elite athletes in diverse sports?
  16. A person seeks your advice for losing weight. This person has attempted diverse diets, but has never experienced long-term success. What strategy, advice, and words of encouragement can you offer?
  17. Respond to the person who claims: “The only way to lose weight is to stop eating. It’s that simple!”
  18. A colleague comments that the obesity “war” would easily be won if the overfat could just learn to apply greater willpower and self-control. Give a response?
  19. If regular physical activity contributes little to extending overall life span, what other reasons exist for maintaining a physically active lifestyle throughout middle and old age?
  20. Give possible reasons why exercise proves more effective for coronary heart disease patients than for patients with pulmonary disease.
  21. A GXT on a bicycle ergometer has established 600 kg-m•min-1 as the desirable exercise intensity for training a CHD patient. Discuss whether this exercise intensity would also be appropriate arm-crank exercise for this patient.
  22. What recommendations would you give to a middle-aged man who wants to begin an aerobic training program because he feels breathless and chest discomfort while walking the golf course?
  23. The ratio of muscle to nerve generally relates to…..?
  24. Name a totally aerobic tissue.
  25. Give a function of the sympathetic catecholamines with respect to the heart.
  26. The highest PO2 is found where in the body?
  27. The %fat for the average healthy young male is inversely related to:
  28. Which type of muscle action results in the most muscle soreness?
  29. In general, is a trained athletes max heart rate higher or lower than the untrained?
  30. In general, is a trained athlete’s resting heart rate higher or lower than the untrained? Why?
  31. An individual’s endurance performance depends on what major nutrient. Explain.
  32. Describe gluconeogenesis.
  33. When a person loses only body fat their density will increase or decrease?
  34. Describe the primary role of oxygen in the body.
  35. Define DOMS.
  36. Define MDE.
  37. What liver based process synthesizes glucose from the lactic acid released from active muscle tissue?
  38. Give the general term used to describe the hydrolysis of a fat molecule.
  39. What method can be used to estimate caloric expenditure using pulmonary ventilation and expired oxygen percentage.
  40. What is the term for a significant decrease in the iron content of red blood cells that reduce the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity.
  41. What term refers to reduced oxygen pressure.
  42. A fall in what factor usually reflects CO2 retention.
  43. An increase in ventilation during exercise is referred to as:
  44. Imparied coronary blood flow usually produces chest pains. What is this called?
  45. Bradycardia results from the stimulation of which specialized nerve(s)?
  46. What is the name of the law that associates increased end-diastolic volumes with increased contractions of the heart?
  47. Give the typical resting cardiac output for the normal human heart.
  48. Which hormone plays a crucial role in the body weight regulation and satiety.
  49. Identify the rate-limiting enzyme that facilitates triglyceride uptake and storage by adipocytes.
  50. Data that are collected on the same subjects over time is called:
  51. What amino acid, when found in excessive levels can damage arterial walls and increase relative risk of all vascular diseases.
  52. Give a total Cholesterol:HDL-C ratio representing a low risk level for CHD.
  53. Give the term used to describe a significant abnormal alteration in cardiac rhythm.
  54. In electrocardiography, a significant depression of which segment is indicative of severe and extensive obstruction in one or more coronary arteries.
  55. List the two factors that determine the rate of gas diffusion into a fluid.
  56. Name the common types of catecholamines.
  57. List ways oxygen is carried in the blood.
  58. A systolic pressure of greater than ____ and a diastolic pressure greater than ____are considered borderline hypertension.
  59. Describe muscle spindles function.
  60. Calculate PO2 at barometric pressure of 500 mm Hg?
  61. Give the formula for calculating percent saturation.
  62. Describe tachycardia?
  63. Give an equation determining percent body fat from density.
  64. Name physical factors affecting blood flow.
  65. Give the major differences between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.
  66. List procedures a health care team should do in a cardiac disease assessment.
  67. List variables needed to calculate Q using the Direct Fick procedure.
  68. Give the formula for rate-pressure product (RPP).
  69. Give two functions of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG).
  70. Describe how CO2 is carried in blood.
  71. Complete the following: Lactic Acid + NAHCO3--> ____ + _____ --> H2O + CO2.
  72. Describe two indicators of the lactate threshold (LT).
  73. Name metabolic adaptations in anaerobic function that accompany strenuous physical anaerobic training.
  74. Name variables involved in cardiac hypertrophy.
  75. Name two specific “heart” related effects of endurance training.
  76. List factors that explain the aerobic training induced increases in total skeletal muscle blood flow during maximal exercise.
  77. Name the types of overtraining syndromes.
  78. Given the following data: 80 year old female; body mass = 50 kg; resting heart rate = 75 beats per min; stroke volume = 50 mL/min; a-vO2 differences = 5 mLO2/100 mL blood. Calculate the target heart rate at 60% intensity.
  79. Calculate stroke volume from the following data: Ps=140, a-v O2 diff = 5 vol%, cardiac output = 20 liters/min, Pd = 90, HR = 160 bpm? (Give proper units)
  80. List factors that affect force generated by a muscle.
  81. Name factors that would enhance increased cardiac output.
  82. Does a trained athlete have a higher or lower max heart rate at maximum exercise compared to an untrained? Explain.
  83. In terms of energy expenditure, why is it important to know RQ? Explain.
  84. Name 3 parameters that can be determined on a stress test.
  85. Rapid weight loss generally results in what? Explain.
  86. What is the BMI for a person who is 158 cm tall and weighs 97 kg. Is this person overweight?
  87. Identify the following 3 equations: 495/Db – 450; HR X SV; BP ÷ CO =
  88. Give reasons why an endurance-trained athlete is better able to generate high blood lactate levels during maximal exercise.
  89. Name mechanisms that regulate the pH of bodily fluids.
  90. Explain the relationship between cardiac output during exercise and resistance to peripheral blood flow.
  91. Transmission of electrical impulses in the heart originates in the SA node and travel to the AV node. Impulses leave the AV node and travels through the ___ and ___ bundle branches and then through the _____ fibers.
  92. Describe signs and symptoms of overtraining.
  93. Name the three leading chronic diseases in the US.
  94. Define minimal body weight.
  95. Name different indirect techniques to measure body compositions of humans.
  96. Give the formula to determine goal (recommended) body weight.
  97. Give three comorbidities of the obese syndrome.
  98. Calculate the VO2 of an 80 year old female; body mass = 50 kg; resting heart rate = 75 b/min), stoke volume = 100 mL/b, and a-vO2 difference = 18 mL O2/100 mL blood.
  99. List and describe two diseases affecting heart valves.
  100. Explain why lactic acid is formed during exercise.
  101. What is H2CO3? What is its purpose?
  102. Identify an ideal fuel substrate for long duration activity. Give three characteristics.
  103. Describe different ways to express exercise intensity.
  104. Explain the “mutant gene” hypothesis for obesity.
  105. Explain coupled oxidative phosphorylation? Explain.
  106. Draw and label a lung-volume tracing showing.
  107. At a walking pace, a young woman is able to use 2.0 L O2 per min. Assuming 4.8 kCal/L O2, how long would it take her to "exercise off" one pound of fat?
  108. List different CHD modifiable risk factors.
  109. Describe five exercise-induced indicators of CHD. Be specific.
  110. Name and describe 2 different approaches to treatment of hypertension. Be specific.
  111. Describe the difference between the term physical activity and Exercise Physical fitness
  112. Discuss the significance of the sigmoid shape of the O2-Hb dissociation curve. Explain the Bohr effect and its role during exercise.
  113. List three physiologic factors that would be different for an aerobicially trained versus sedentary individual. Give the variable name and representative values of each with the correct units of measurement [example: VO2max; trained = 70 mL/kg/min; untrained = 45 mL/kg/min].
  114. Draw and label a graph showing ventilation and blood lactate as a function of oxygen consumption. On the graph show the point of ventilatory threshold and the lactate threshold. Be sure to label the graph correctly.
  115. List the training principles and explain each.
  116. Draw generalized graphs illustrating VO2, cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume as a function of increasing work up to maximum exertion (include units of measurement.)
  117. The following case provides general descriptive information about an individual including personal information and results of a graded exercise stress test. Analyze the case, list the risk factors and react to the results of the stress test. Make recommendations for the person for exercise, risk reduction, and health maintenance. DATA: Caucasian male stockbroker, age = 39 yr.; body mass = 92 kg; stature = 179 cm; percent body fat = 29%; total cholesterol = 255 mg•dL-1, HDL cholesterol = 35 mg•dL-1, mother died of heart attack at age 46; been sedentary since college days when he regularly participated in intramural sports. Balke GXT test: 3 m per hr; 2.5% increases in treadmill elevation per every 2 min:
Grade, %
METS
SBP, mmHg
DPB, mmHg
HR
ECG
Symptoms
Rest
128
89
82
normal
none
2.5
4.3
149
89
140
normal
none
5.0
5.4
154
88
154
normal
none
7.5
6.4
162
84
165
normal
none
10.0
7.4
180
83
172
normal
none
12.5
8.5
186
83
184
normal
none
15
9.5
198
86
197
normal
none

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