High School Debate Topic 2001: Weapons of Mass Destruction

WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

High School National Debate Topic 2001

Resolved: That the United States federal government should establish a foreign policy significantly limiting the use of weapons of mass destruction.

Earth from lunar orbit
December 24, 1968

UMich Only Web Links Available from Campus Ethernet Workstations
and via Modem Using 489-2222. UMich Only material is subject
to copyright law and meant for personal use only.

Last updated on July 11, 2007

Background on Subjects

Debate Readings and Background

University of Kansas [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20020211204749/www2.lib.ukans.edu/anschutzlib/govdocs/debate2001.html]
- Top-rated web page for the high school debate topic
- Full-text of numerous articles on the issues
- Also includes links to U.S. government, legal, and think tank web sites
University of Michigan High School Debate Institute [http://www.michigandebate.com/webresources.cfm]
- Lists numerous think tanks and news sources for the debate topic
- Special focus on Korean and other Asian sources

Books [Web and Library]

Connect to MIRLYN [http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/]
MCAT lists books within the University of Michigan Library system.
Which version to choose?
- MIRLYN-Web better for printing, downloading, subject searching, and direct connection to web-based products
- TN 3270 or Telnet
  - Has call number searching
  - Better for sophisticated keyword searching [e.g. k=war adj crimes and (yugoslavia or serbia) is possible in MIRLYN Classic; only war and crimes and yugoslavia possible in MIRLYN-Web]
Searchable by author, title, subject, keyword, and call number

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT HEADINGS

Controlled vocabulary
Used for

Foreign material
When too many common keywords

Find through

LC Subject List (Library)
Record retrieved through keyword searching

Library of Congress Subject Headings: By Subject
Library of Congress Subject Headings: By Country
Keyword Searching when
- You don't know the subject heading
- There IS no subject heading
- You know part of the author, title, or subject

Boolean Logic

Keyword Searching

Illustration	MIRLYN-Classic	MIRLYN-Web	Proquest	PAIS	Academic Universe
PHRASE	k=biological adj warfare	biological w warfare	"biological warfare"	biological w warfare	biological warfare
AND	k=biological and iraq	biological and iraq	biological and iraq	biological and iraq	biological and iraq
OR	k=chemical or biological	chemical or biological	chemical or biological	chemical or biological	chemical or biological
NOT	k=yugoslavia not serbia	yugoslavia not serbia	yugoslavia and not serbia	yugoslavia not serbia	yugoslavia and not serbia
COMPLEX SEARCHING	k=war adj crimes and (yugoslavia or serbia)	reads incorrectly as (war crimes and yugoslavia) OR serbia	"war crimes" and (yugoslavia or serbia)	war w crimes and (yugoslavia or serbia)	war crimes and (yugoslavia or serbia)
TRUNCATION	k=crim?	crim?	crim?	crim+	crim!

Periodicals - Full Text [Web]

Comprehensive Sources

Electronic Journals and Newspapers (UMich) [http://www.lib.umich.edu/ejournals/]
- Alphabetic and subject lists of full text journals and newspapers
- Available to campus web sites and authenticated remote users
JSTOR (UMich Only) [http://www.jstor.org/jstor/]
- Full text of major 20th Century historical and economic periodicals as well as the American Political Science Review through 1995 and World Politics, 1948-95
- Most periodicals available from 1900-90
- Index approaches by keyword, author, title, periodical
- Printing and downloading requires application/tifflist or Adobe Acrobat
Political Information [http://www.politicalinformation.com/]
- Mega web index to public policy concerns
- Indexes news, political parties, policy papers and interest group web sites
ProQuest (UMich Only) [http://searchtools.lib.umich.edu/V?func=native-link&resource=UMI01559]
- Research Library indexes some 2300 journals in all fields since the 1980s and provides the full text of many since the 1990s (marked by a full-page symbol)
- Includes popular and scholarly titles, such as Comparative Politics, Governing, International Political Science Review, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, and World Politics
- Journals indexed by author, title, keyword, periodical, and date
- Sample search
- Articles may be marked for downloading
- Text in HTML and image formats
- Replaces the Core Journals Project, which printed articles from MIRLYN on request

Individual Titles

Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only) [http://library.cqpress.com/cqweekly]
- Library has online: 1983-
- Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
- Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
- Political party and election analysis
- Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable
- Separate index for roll call votes beginning 1995
- 1946- available in Graduate Library stacks (JK 1.C12) with Almanac, 1946- in Documents Center (JK 1. C756)
The Economist
- Library has online: 1975-
- 1997- Selected articles available online: http://www.economist.com/
- 1991- Text of articles via ProQuest Research Library (access restricted; authentication may be required): http://www.lib.umich.edu/cgi-bin/pqissues?28390
- 1975- Text of selected articles via Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (access restricted; authentication may be required): http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/
- Access restricted (authentication may be required): http://www.wkap.nl/jrnltoc.htm/0013-063X
- Paper copy: HG 11 .E19 (1843-) and microfilm X488
Foreign Affairs
- Library has online: 1981-
- Selected articles available online: http://www.foreignaffairs.org/
- 1992- Text of articles via ProQuest Research Library (restricted to University of Michigan network): http://www.lib.umich.edu/cgi-bin/pqissues?6
- InfoTrac Web version; 1995- Text of articles via General Reference Center Gold (restricted to UMich network): http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/lom%5Fumichanna/
- InfoTrac Basic version; 1995- Text of articles via General Reference Center Gold (restricted to UMich network): http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itbasic/lom%5Fumichanna/
- 1981- Text of articles via Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (access restricted; authentication may be required): http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/
- Paper copy: JX 1 .F78 (1922-) and microform: FILM X302
Foreign Policy
- Library has online: 94- 1994-
- 1994- Text of articles via ProQuest Research Library (restricted to University of Michigan network): http://www.lib.umich.edu/cgi-bin/pqissues?23173
- InfoTrac Web version; 1995- Text of articles via General Reference Center Gold (restricted to University of Michigan network): http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/lom%5Fumichanna/
- InfoTrac Basic version; 1995- Text of articles via General Reference Center Gold (restricted to University of Michigan network): http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itbasic/lom%5Fumichanna/
- Paper copy: JX 1 .F82 (1970-); microform: FILM X1285
International Organization
- Library has online: 1-48,51- 1947-
- 1997- Access to ECO online version restricted to University of Michigan network: http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0020-8183;ECOIP
- 1947-1994 Back issues available via JSTOR at: http://www.jstor.org/journals/00208183.html
- Paper copy: JX1901 .I66 (1947-); microform: FILM X319
International Security
- Paper copy: JX1952 .I594 (1976-)
International Studies Quarterly
- Paper copy: D 839 .B13 (1967-); microform: FILM X277
The Journal of Conflict Resolution
- Library has online: 41- 1997-
- Text of articles via ProQuest Research Library (restricted to University of Michigan network) http://www.lib.umich.edu/cgi-bin/pqissues?26540
- Paper copy: JX 1901 .J86 (1957-); microform: FILM X2780
Journal of peace research
- Library has online: 35- 1998-
- Access restricted (authentication may be required): http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0022-3433;ECOIP
- Paper copy: JX1901 .J89 (1964-)
The National interest
- Library has online: 45- 1996-
- Text of articles via ProQuest Research Library (restricted to University of Michigan network): http://www.lib.umich.edu/cgi-bin/pqissues?13817
- Paper copy: E 840 .N341 (1985-)
National Journal (UMich Only) [http://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=http://nationaljournal.com/]
- National Journal focuses on the politics of the Executive Branch with some reference to current legislation
- Full text since 1977 available through the University of Michigan's campus license to Congressional Universe
- Follow the Inside Washington logo on the main Congressional Universe screen
- Paper copy: JK 1 .N28 (1977-)
World Politics
- Library has online: 1- 1948-
- 1995- Access to Project Muse online version restricted (authentication may be required): http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/wp/
- 1948-1995 Back issues available via JSTOR (access restricted; authentication may be required): http://www.jstor.org/journals/00438871.html
- Paper copy: D 410 .W92 (1948-); microform: FILM X1171

Periodical Indexes - No Full Text [Web and Library]

International Political Science Abstracts, 1989+ (UMich Only) [http://web5.silverplatter.com/webspirs/start.ws?customer=c135082&databases=IPSA]
- Index to scholarly political science journal articles in Western European languages
- Choose IPSA from the menu first; go to the next screen before searching
- Sample search: biological weapons near gulf war
- Searches may be recombined
- Data includes author, title, journal, and abstract in English if the article is in English
- If the article is in another language, the title is translated into English but the abstract is in French
- Once you identify an article, search MIRLYN for the call number and location
- Printed copy: International Political Science Abstracts, 1951- (Ref. JA 36 .I6)
Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin (UMich Only) [http://firstsearch.oclc.org/dbname=PAISIntl;FSIP]
- Subject index to books, articles, and government documents on politics and economics since 1972 in Western European languages
- Government documents include United States, United Nations, League of Nations, and State Governments
- There are also paper versions (English, 1915+, Z 7163 .P98 and foreign, 1968+, Z 7164 .E2 P96)
Social Sciences Citation Index, 1956- (UMich Only) [http://www.webofscience.com/]
- Indexes current periodical articles by author, title/keyword, journal, and author's affiliation
- Indexes cited authors by name, abbreviated title of book/journal and year
- Results provide cross references between the cited author, the citating author, and related items
- EXAMPLE
- Data base also includes the Arts and Humanities and Sciences Citation Indexes
- Corresponding paper copy located in the Graduate Library Stacks, 1956- (Z 7163 .S67)
- Also on CD-ROM beginning 1981 at the Graduate Library Information Center
- Social Sciences Citation Index Examples
- Connect to MIRLYN to identify library location and call number of book or article
Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (UMich Only)
- Citations, abstracts, and indexing of the international serials literature since 1975
- Political science and complementary fields, including international relations, law, and public administration/policy
- Indexes foreign language journals and translates the title into English

Think Tanks

Comprehensive Sources

Columbia International Affairs Online (UMich Only) [http://www.ciaonet.org/]
- Search engine indexes current world politics journals, books, conference proceedings, and think tank working papers
- Full text primarily of working papers
- May need to use from campus ethernet connection with Netscape 4.0
International Relations and Security Network [http://www.isn.ethz.ch/]
- Comprehensive site for peace, security, and defense issues
- Approach by subject or country
- Sponsored by the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research [http://www.fsk.ethz.ch/]
Oxford Analytica (UMich Only) [http://www.oxweb.com/]
- Concise, comprehensive analyses of political and economic developments around the world
- Articles unsigned presumably to protect the writer from repercussions
- Data base begins in 1987 and is supplemented by about 15 articles weekly
- Searchable by country, topic, title, date, and free-text (preferred)
- Sample search: Chemical and (weapon* or warfare) and ban
Political Information [http://www.politicalinformation.com]
- Web index to 5000 public policy sites

Individual Think Tanks

American Enterprise Institute [http://www.AEI.org/]
- Economic and foreign policy think tank
- Full text of selected periodical articles and economic outlooks appears until AEI Research/Online Library
American Foreign Policy Council [http://www.afpc.org/]
- Issue briefs and articles since 1995, primarily on U.S. relations with Russia and China
Baker Institute of Public Policy [http://riceinfo.rice.edu/projects/baker/]
- Sponsored by Rice University in honor of James A. Baker
- Speeches and executive summaries on foreign and domestic policy issues
Brookings Institution [http://www.brook.edu/default.htm]
- Private, non-profit, independent institute analyzing U.S. government policy and international relations
- Summaries of position papers on "hot topics" and selected Congressional testimony
- Table of contents for the Brookings Review and selected articles
- Publications catalog and information about the organization
Carter Center [http://www.cartercenter.org/]
- Center founded by Jimmy and Rosalyn Carter to counter world hunger, disease, poverty, conflict, and oppression
- News and annual reports on projects
- Searchable by keyword
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace [http://www.ceip.org/]
- Reports and working papers, primarily on US-Russian relations and nuclear non-proliferation
- Economic development and democratization efforts around the world
Cato Institute [http://www.cato.org/]
- Philosophy of limited government, free market, and individual liberty
- "Hot Topics" has the text of Cato Institute position papers, arranged by subject and searchable by keyword
- Congressional testimony by institute representatives
Center for Defense Information [http://www.cdi.org/]
- Arms Trade Data Base provides the text of news articles on arms trade, arranged by country
- Weekly Defense Monitor includes position papers
- U.S. military spending clock
Center for Strategic and International Studies [http://www.csis.org/]
- Papers on Russian, Asian, and Middle East relations
- National and international employment and social issues
- Catalog of publications
Council for a Livable World
- Extensive coverage of the Indian/Pakistani nuclear tests, chemical weapons convention, ballistic missile defense, nuclear weapons reduction and disposal
- Articles, government documents, and web sites reflecting various viewpoints
Commonwealth Institute [http://www.comw.org/]
- Progressive think tank on defense and economic issues
- Numerous on-line analyses of U.S. defense posture, the Quadrennial Defense Review (federal government), and capitalism
Foreign Policy Association [http://www.fpa.org/]
- Membership organization geared toward debate and education on foreign policy
- Briefing papers on foreign policy issues from its own sources and those of other think tanks
Heritage Foundation [http://www.heritage.org/]
- Dedicated to limited government, individual freedom, a free market, and strong defense
- Text of public policy papers on various topics, including crime, education, foreign policy, health care, and trade
- Index of Economic Freedom for countries in the world
- Extensive list of conservative think tanks
- Numerous statistics in support of its positions
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace [http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/]
- Description of programs, research, and archival holdings
- Text of press releases
Hudson Institute [http://www.hudson.org/]
- Conservative think tank on domestic and international policy issues
- Summaries of its briefings and current periodicals
Interhemispheric Resource Center [http://www.irc-online.org/]
- Promotes internationalism in U.S. foreign policy and U.S.-Mexico relations
- Numerous periodicals and issue briefs
National Center for Economic and Security Alternatives [http://www.ncesa.org/]
- Models, bibliographies and case studies
- Focus on community development; forthcoming guides on non-profit institutions and security affairs
- Annotated web links in all three areas
National Center for Policy Analysis [http://www.ncpa.org/]
- Non-profit, non-partisan public policy think tank
- Pro and con issue papers on health care, taxes, Social Security, welfare, education, and environment
- Background papers on high school debate topics supplemented by statistics
- Includes text of relevant bills and opinions of other think tanks
Rand Corporation [http://www.rand.org/]
- Non-profit research organization
- "Research Areas" includes a subject bibliography of RAND publications since 1985 with abstracts of the reports and articles in the RAND Research Review since 1994
- "Hot Topics" has the full-text of current policy papers
Russell Sage Foundation [http://www.russellsage.org/]
- Liberal think tank focused on research in the social sciences
- Describes organization
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute [http://www.sipri.org/]
- Numerous research articles on chemical and biological weapons
- Summary of its annual SIPRI Yearbook
- Full text of the SIPRI Yearbook in Documents Center/Ref. UA 17 .S12
Twentieth Century Fund [http://www.tcf.org/]
- Progressive think tank
- Position papers on economics, government, foreign policy, and health care
United States Institute of Peace [http://www.usip.org/]
- Promotes the resolution of international conflict without violence
- Describes the organization's work, internships and grants
- Bibliography of free printed publications

News Sources [Web and Library]

World Wide Web - Comprehensive Lists

Academic Universe/Lexis (UMich Only)[http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/]
- Full text of newspapers from around the world in English translation since the mid-1980s
- News has subsections on General News, World News, and State News
- Used Advanced Searching for full-text
- Academic Universe Search Guide
World News Connection (UMich Library Only) [http://wnc.dialog.com/]
- Full text of foreign news broadcasts and press releases translated into English beginning November 1994
- Searchable by keyword, region and subject, or Boolean logic and modified by date
- Regions are:
- Networked to University of Michigan IP addresses
- World News Connection Guide

United States Broadcasts Abroad

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty [http://www.rferl.org/]
- U.S. government news, analysis, special reports, and summary economic and human rights information for Russia and Eastern Europe
- The Newsline feature has current news broadcasts to Eastern Europe beginning April 1997
- Newsline replaced the Open Media Research Institute Daily Digest reports and provides a searchable archive to its reports back to 1991
- OMRI Daily Digests, 1991-March 1997, also remained available as of May 30, 1997
Voice of America [http://www.voa.gov/]
- U.S. Information Agency radio broadcasts throughout the world
- Reports for last week only

Foreign News Sources

Africa News On-Line [http://www.africanews.org/]
- English translation of news stories about Africa from African press agencies, Britain, and international organizations
- Arranged by country or broad topic with most coverage beginning January 1997
Arabic Media Internet Network [http://www.amin.org/]
- Extensive links to on-line news media from Arab countries
- Texts in English or Arabic
Asia Now (CNN) [http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/index.html]
- Asian counterpart of CNN web site in the United States
- Daily political, cultural, business and sports news
- Links to Asia Week, a Time equivalent
Asia Source
- Reprints English-language articles on Asian countries for the current week
- Special reports on issues
- Demographic, social, economic, and military data for individual countries with an alternative comparative approach
Asia Times
- Primary business news but includes politics
- Special articles and text of other area newspapers
- Archive is searchable
Balkan News [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20061205043747/http://eurasianews.com/erc/0falkan.htm]
- Full text and summaries of current news items by and from Balkan countries
- Countries include: Albania, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, Croatia, and Bulgaria
British Broadcasting Corporation [http://news.bbc.co.uk/]
- Text of UK and international news, culture, science, and children's programs, primarily beginning 1996
- Use the SEARCH key to access the archives
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
- National Online [http://www.tv.cbc.ca/national/]
  - In-depth reports and investigations
  - Examples include tamoxifen, the Irish vote, living in space
- News Transcripts [http://www.cbc.ca/services/tapes_tr.html]
  - Full text of nightly news transcripts
  - Archived and searchable beginning September 1, 1996
- Newsworld On-Line [http://www.newsworld.cbc.ca/]
  - Headline news updated throughout the day
  - Canadian and international coverage
Central Europe On-Line [http://www.centraleurope.com/]
- News, business, culture, and travel information
- News service archived to December 2, 1996
China News Digest
- English summary of news around the world about China
- Issued on daily basis with archives since 1995
- Search engine does not cover entire archive but can be useful
Eurasia News [Web]
- Current week's news on the Baltic countries, Central Europe, Iran andIraq
- Also includes Eurasia Research Center has occasional papers and archived news
Inside China Today [http://www.insidechina.com]
- News, business, culture, and travel information
- News service archived to December 1, 1996
International Herald Tribune [http://www.iht.com/]
- Weekly archives of global, financial and technology headline news
- Files begin January 1997
- Based in Paris but text available in English
Iran Weekly Press Digest [http://www.iranwpd.com/]
- Internal, economic, and foreign affairs news summary since January 18, 1997
Jordan Times [http://www.jordantimes.com/]
- Last week of political and economic news
London Times [http://www.the-times.co.uk/]
- Daily and Sunday editions with searchable archive
- Initial registration required
- The full text since 1995 is available on Pro-Quest (UMich Only) [http://www.umi.com/pqdauto/] with a seven-day delay and Academic Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/] since 1990
- Palmer's London Times Index [http://historynews.chadwyck.com/]
  - Indexes the London Times, 1906-80 by keyword, section and date
  - Full text not online but available on microfilm in the Graduate Library Serials Room as: FILM X254
Overseas Media Commentary Reports (USIS) [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20050807083143/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/medreac.htm]
- Daily summary of foreign media reaction to world events, e.g. Kosovo, Pakistan coup
- Searchable since 1994
Radio Canada International [http://www.rcinet.ca/]
- Short news briefs and audio
- Available in several languages
Russia Today [http://www.russiatoday.com/]
- News, business, culture, and travel information for Russia and CIS countries
- News service archived to December 2, 1996
Vladivostok News [http://vlad.tribnet.com/]
- English-language newspaper of the Russian far east
- Political and business news with candid editorials
- Archived since December 1995 with a search engine
- Links to the daily version
Voice of America [http://www.voa.gov/]
- U.S. Information Agency radio broadcasts throughout the world
- Last week only; not indexed
Voice of Russia [http://www.ruvr.ru/index.php?lng=eng]
- Radio broadcasting and telecommunications service
- Special reports on foreign and domestic public policy
- Multilingual text

Subject-Specific Information

Arms Trade

Arms Trade Data Base [http://armstrade.sipri.org/]
- Full text of articles and position papers promoting the limitation of trade in conventional armaments
- Data base begins with 1950
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace [http://www.ceip.org/]
- Reports and working papers, primarily on US-Russian relations and nuclear non-proliferation
- Economic development and democratization efforts around the world
Center for Defense Information [http://www.cdi.org/]
- Arms Trade Data Base provides the text of news articles on arms trade, arranged by country
- Weekly Defense Monitor includes position papers
- U.S. military spending clock
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (ACDA) [http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureau_ac/reports_ac.html]
- Military expenditures, armed forces, GNP, and population for 172 countries, 1984-98
- Arms transfers by supplier and recipient
- Summary of world military forces and arms transfers for various years, 1961 to present
- United States policy on arms control and export
- 1995 version in HTML format; 1996 version in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format

Chemical/Biological Warfare Sites

Anthrax Vaccination Program (Defense Dept) [http://www.anthrax.osd.mil/]
- History of the disease, how it is spread, and symptoms
- Once symptoms occur, death rate is 99%
- Evidence it is being used for biological warfare
- Information on the military's vaccination program
Chemical and Biological Warfare (SIPRI and Bradford) [http://www.sipri.org/contents/cbwarfare/]
- Full text of Fourth Review Conference Documents (1996) and historic treaties
- Working papers, conference papers, and briefs
- Excellent links to web sites on chemical and biological weapons disarmament
Combatting Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Congressional Commission Report [http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/deutch/11910book.pdf]
- Outlines potential dangers from weapons by other countries, including old Russian stockpiles and Iraq's anthrax
- Recommends changes in U.S. policy
- Deutch report, 1999
Harvard-Sussex on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation [http://fas-www.harvard.edu/~hsp/]
- Text and signatories of the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, and 1925 Geneva Protocol
- Publications catalog of the program
Monterey Institute Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page
- Numerous articles and fact sheets on chemical and biological weapons
- A chart of countries which own them
- Timelines on the use of chemical and biological weapons
- Assessments of weapons in the Middle East by country
- Consider current data on terrorism

International Law

Web

Arms Control Treaties and Agreements (ACDA/State Dept.) [http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureau_ac/treaties_ac.html]
- Full text of 40 historic arms control agreements
- Biological, environmental, nuclear, and space
International Treaties (Fletcher School) [http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multilaterals.html]
- Searchable by subject
- Includes 19th Century treaties as well as current
International Treaties (House Internet Law Library) [http://www.priweb.com/internetlawlib/89.htm]
- Links to major historical and current international treaties, including those on the UN and League of nations, trade, human rights, the environment and peace treaties following major wars
- No subject searching available
Major International Instruments on Disarmament (UNCD) [http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpHomepages)/6A03113D1857348E80256F04006755F6?OpenDocument]
- Full text of international treaties on conventionalm, nuclear, biological and chemical weapons since 1925
Strategic Offensive Reduction Treaty
- Treaty between the United States and Russia on reducing offensive nuclear weapons
- Signed by Vladimir Putin and George Bush on March 24, 2002

Library

Arms Control and Disarmament Agreements [Library]
- Includes Geneva Protocol and other treaties
- Separate world and U.S. treaty indexes
- Doc.Cen. JX 1974 .U586 - Ref.
Arms Control Reporter [Library]
- Looseleaf service on treaties, their status, actions taken, and chronologies of events
- Chemical and biological warfare appear in Sections 701 and 704
- Doc.Cen. JX 1974 .A768918

Iraq

Iraqi Weapons Inspection/Operation Desert Fox [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/dn99/dn99for.html#iraq]
- Documents Center news coverage of Iraqi weapons inspection and 1998/99 bombing of Iraq
- Includes links to Iraqi and American news sources, United Nations documents
Persian Gulf War Illnesses (Defense Department) [http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/]
- Medical research and analysis of the Gulf War Syndrome among veterans
- Searchable declassified documents, including some from Iraq

Nuclear Weapons

Cleaning Up the Nuclear Weapons Complex [http://www.rff.org/nuclearcleanup/]
- Federal and research institution web sites about cleaning up nuclear weapons complex in an environmentally and economically safe manner
- Includes think tank reports
- Good annotations
Cold War
- Cold War (CNN) [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/]
  - Year-long television series on politics, 1946-91
  - Chronologies, biographies, and full-text primary documents from U.S. and Russian archives
  - Information available after a program has aired
- Cold War International History Project [http://wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home]
  - Primary documents and articles on the history of the Cold War
  - Includes the arms race, policies of leaders, book reviews
  - Lengthy sections on Stalin and Khrushchev
  - Searchable by keyword, subject tree, type of document
NPT Conference Web Site [http://disarmament.un.org/wmd/]
- Text of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, entered into force on March 5, 1970
- Preparatory committee reports
- The UN series symbol for this conference is NPT/CONF.2000
Nuclear Explosion Data Base [http://www.ga.gov.au/oracle/nukexp_form.jsp]
- Query database by country/location and date range for a list of nuclear explosions since 1945
- Data includes time and date, latitude and longitude, type of test, body wave length, and comments
- Map illustrates active test sites
- Maintained by the Australian Geological Survey Organization
Nuclear Control Institute [http://www.nci.org/home.htm]
- Lobby group specializing in the controlling the use and disposal of plutonium and uranium
- Numerous articles available on line cover its initiatives
Nuclear Weapon Locations
- History of the Custody and Deployment of Nuclear Weapons: July 1945 through September 1977 [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/19991020/]
  - Classified document prepared by the Defense Department in 1978 and partially released under the Freedom of Information Act
  - Includes an appendix with deployments by country and date
- Where They Were [http://web.archive.org/web/20050901093239/www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art_ofn=nd99norris_024]
  - Article describes storage of about 12,000 atomic and nuclear weapons abroad, 1945-77
  - Host countries did not always know they were there
  - Lists country or territory, type of missile, year imported, and year withdrawn
  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Nov/Dec. 1999, p. 26+
U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study [http://www.brook.edu/FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/WEAPONS.HTM]
- Comparisons of the Manhattan Project with WWII expenditures
- Costs of individual weapons systems
- Charts of nuclear tests
- Full text of numerous articles
Weapons of Mass Destruction Fact Sheets (State Department) [http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureau_ac/factsheets_ac.html]
- Press briefings, treaty texts, chronologies and statements during the Clinton era
- Includes information on START I and II, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and biochemical weapons

Organizations

Federation of American Scientists [http://www.fas.org/]
- Describes chemical weapons project
- Biologic and Toxic Weapons Verification Program has text of 1972 convention, list of signatories, and numerous working papers
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons [http://www.opcw.org/]
- Includes the texts of chemical weapons conventions and a description of chemical warfare agents
- Nations which have ratified the 1993 convention

Peace and Conflict Networks [Web]

International Relations and Security Network [http://www.isn.ethz.ch/]
- Comprehensive site for peace, security, and defense issues though little specifically on chemical and biological warfare
- Use the ISN LASE search button on the left
- Sponsored by the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research [http://www.fsk.ethz.ch/]
PeaceNet [http://www.apc.org/english/news/rss/peacenet.shtml]
- Subject approach to peace and environmental issues
- Use the Search engine on the top menu bar

Star Wars [Missile Defense]

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty [http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/abmpage.html]
- Signed between the United States and Soviet Union in 1972
- Full text of original treaty and subsequent protocols
- Additional Arms Control Treaties [http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureau_ac/treaties_ac.html]
House Armed Services Committee [http://armedservices.house.gov/]
- Search site by keyword to find transcripts, testimony, bills and reports on the National Missile Defense Program
National Missile Defense Program (Defense Dept) [http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/html/mdalink.html]
- Description of the missile defense program, fact sheets
- Includes environmental impact statement
President Bush's Position [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/usbudget/blueprint/bud06.html]
- Budget statement on national defense
- Appeared in Blueprint for New Beginnings
President Clinton's Decision [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/text/pres900.txt]
- Press release dated September 1, 2000
- Outlines history of the program and agreements with Russia
- Defers building of the system to the next President
Senate Armed Services Committee [http://www.senate.gov/~armed_services/hearings.htm]
- No search engine available
- Use FIND key on web browser and the term "missile" for selected testimony on the missile defense system
Special Weapons Monitor (Federation of American Scientists) [http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/index.html]
- Numerous government and FAS reports on the national missile defense system
- General Accounting Office and Congressional Research Service reports
- Press releases
Theater High Altitude Area Defense Homepage (Lockheed Martin) [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20021020125708/http://lmms.external.lmco.com/thaad/]
- Describes the elements of the system
- Summary results of the testing

Terrorism

International Association of Counterterrorism and Security Professionals [http://www.iacsp.com/]
- Includes articles on counterterrorism and security issues, such a computer espionage
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism [http://www.ict.org.il/]
- List of international terrorist organizations and data base of terrorist attacks since 1990
- Daily news and weekly articles
- Searchable index to both data and articles
National Commission on Terrorism Report (Bremer Commission) [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20020201205548/http://www.terrorism.com/documents/bremercommission/index.shtml]
- Full text of report in HTML format
- Electronic text made available through the private Terrorism Research Center
- Copy from the Federation of American Scientists [http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/commission.html]

Patterns of Global Terrorism (State Dept) [http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/]
- Summary of terrorist acts by continent and country for 1995
- Appendix provides a chronology of terrorist acts and a description of the terrorist groups
- See also Political Science/International Sources
Terrorism Research Center [http://www.terrorism.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Attacks&file=index]
- Articles and excerpts from documents on terrorist activities around the world
- Annotated links to research web sites on terrorism
See also Documents in the News coverage of Embassy Bombings [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/dn98/dn98intl.html#embassy]
- Information on the bombings which triggered the Bremer Report
- Links to the Inman and Crowe reports

International Agencies

European Union

Europa (European Commission) [http://europa.eu.int/index-en.htm]
- History, structure, program, activities, and directory of members
- Search by keywords (e.g. china, world trade organization) for the full text of documents
European Parliament [http://www.europarl.eu.int/]
- Description, powers, and organization of the Parliament
- List of committees and directories of Member offices
- Full text of speeches beginning October 1996 as well as publications adopted
- Committee schedules and press releases
- Multilingual

North Atlantic Treaty Organization [http://www.nato.int/]

Historic documents, NATO Handbook, NATO Review
Current press releases and fact sheets
Extensive section on the Kosovo war and the peacekeeping force

United Nations Publications

Background Information | Types of Printed Documents | Web Sites

Background Information [Library]
- United Nations Yearbook [Library]
  - Doc.Cen JX 1976 .A1 U64--UN Ref.
  - Most complete summary of United Nations activities with citations to or reprints of the most important United Nations documents
- UN Chronicle [Library]
  - Doc.Cen. JX 1977.A1 U6--UN Ref.
  - Quarterly summary of major issues before the United Nations
  - Includes selected citations to UN documents but seldom reprints<
  - Also in Academic Universe
- A Global Agenda: Issues before the UN General Assembly [Library]
  - Summary of agenda items with citations to relevant documents
  - Doc.Cen. JX 1977 .A1 U54-Ref.

Types of United Nations Documents

Document	Definition	Index	Full Text
Official Records	Debates	Access UN, 1956+	Access UN, 1990+ if vote UNODS, 1992+ (password in DocCen) DocCen in paper and fiche
Resolutions	Legislation	Access UN, 1956+	Access UN, 1990+ UNODS, 1946+ (password in DocCen) General Assembly, 1997+ Security Council, 1946+ DocCen in paper and fiche
Mimeographed (Masthead)	Letters and Drafts	Access UN, 1956+	UN Web Site, some, 1990+ UNODS, 1992+ (password in DocCen) DocCen in paper and fiche

United Nations Web Sites
- Access UN (UMich Only) [http://infoweb.newsbank.com/?ddb=UNAD]
  - Index to United Nations documents issued since 1956
  - Searches may be defined by author, country, type of document (official record, sales publication), subject, title, text, and date
  - Provides citations to United Nations microfiche and paper records located in the Documents Center
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session) and its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990 if there is a voting record in that session
  - Ask at the Documents Desk for publications not on the web
- United Nations Conference on Disarmament [http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/2D415EE45C5FAE07C12571800055232B?OpenDocument]
  - Final Report of the Review Conference (1996) and annual reports to the United Nations beginning 1995
  - Historic documents and disarmament treaties
  - Organizational proceedings and selected publications
- United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research [http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpHomepages)/6A03113D1857348E80256F04006755F6?OpenDocument]
  - Bibliography of research since 1987 with some reports on the web
  - Primarily on nuclear disarmament and conversion but some material on chemical and biological weapons
- United Nations Optical Disk System (UMich - On-Site Password)
  - Full text of UN Official Records and related parliamentary documents since 1992 as well as journals and bulletins
  - Searchable by date, document symbol, and full text with output in Adobe Acrobat format
  - Search Protocols
    - Date must be chosen first and entered in European fashion
    - Boolean operators (and, or, near) must be entered in brackets
  - Sample Search - documents about Brazil and the International Criminal Court
    - Main screen: choose UN Documents; date is 01/07/1997 - 16/08/1998; click on full text to "get new form"
    - Secondary screen: search full text; Brazil < near> international criminal court
    - Choose language of text
  - On-site password in Documents Center only
- United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) [http://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/index.html]
  - Commission created in 1991 to monitor disarmament in Iraq
  - Text of Security Council resolutions since 1991
  - Progress report of activities
  - Chronology and background information
- United Nations Web Site [http://www.un.org/]
  - Basic information on the United Nations (history, charter, member countries)
  - Press releases, daily highlights
  - General Assembly, ECOSOC, and Security Council publications and resolutions
  - Does NOT include debates; see paper copy in Documents Center
  - Indexed by keyword and type of document
  - Major conference documents, catalog of UN sales publications, audio-visual material
- United Nations System [http://www.undcp.org/unlinks.html]
  - Includes the texts of UN resolutions (indexed) and press releases from international conferences
  - Considerable information on developing countries
  - Gopher and web sites of the various UN departments, affiliated agencies, and conferences
  - Gopher site alternative if web site is difficult to load on your workstation
- United Nations Scholars' Workstation (Yale University) [http://www.library.yale.edu/un/index.html]
  - Subject index to web sites with United Nations information
  - Links to numeric data sites
  - Excellent research guide to United Nations information
  - Academic information about Yale's UN Studies program and Yale Library resources

Other Countries

China

Translations | Government Agencies | About China | News

Translations

Yahoo's Babelfish [http://babelfish.yahoo.com/]
- Translates Chinese web pages (with subsequent links) and pasted text to English
- Also translates English to Chinese

Chinese Government Agencies

Chinese Embassy (Washington, D.C.) [http://www.china-embassy.org/]
- Substantial information on Chinese foreign relations and public policy issues (human rights, Taiwan, Hong Kong)
- Economic statistics, education information, and travel
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cegv/eng/qtzz/wtoyylj/t85670.htm]
- Text of Chinese foreign trade laws and regulations
- Bulletin board of sales opportunities and list of products for sale
- Basic import/export data
Permanent Mission to the United Nations (Geneva)[http://www.china-un.ch/eng/]
- Press releases on Chinese policy, including human rights

About China

China Sources (UMich Asia Library) [http://www.lib.umich.edu/asia/]
- News sources in Chinese and English
- Click on Data in frame for business, economic, political, and legal information
- Extensive analytics of public access and UMich only web sites
Richard Nixon/Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972 (George Washington University) [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/DOC_readers/kissinger/nixzhou/]
- Digitzed copies of declassified documents summarizing the seven days of meetings
Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20010605141353/english.peopledaily.com.cn/dengxp/]
- Excerpts of speeches, diaries, and orders, 1938-1992
- Text in English

News Sources

China News Digest [http://www.cnd.org/]
- English summary of news around the world about China
- Issued on daily basis with archives since 1995
- Search engine does not cover entire archive but can be useful
Inside China Today [http://www.insidechina.com/]
- News, business, culture, and travel information
- News service archived to December 1, 1996
South China Morning Post [http://www.scmp.com/]
- Daily English-language newspaper published in Hong Kong
- Most of website requires password
- Newspaper archived since July 28, 1992 on Academic Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe] under News/Major Newspapers
Xinhua News Agency [http://202.84.17.11/english/index.htm]
- Official newswire service of the Chinese government
- Daily news in English on politics, economics, business, and culture
- Archived since 1977 on Academic Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe] under News/Wire Services

India

Government of India [http://goidirectory.nic.in/]
- Directory of national and state government agencies with internet sites
India Embassy to the United States [http://www.indianembassy.org/]
- Foreign policy issues and news
- Links to the Indian President and Cabinet
- Election statistics since 1952 as well as current election information
- Search engine
India Parliament [http://parliamentofindia.gov.in/]
- Description of the Parliament
- Full text of Parliamentary debates beginning November 27, 1995
- English and Hindi
Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.un.int/india/]
- Statements on nuclear deterrence
Prime Minister [http://pmindia.nic.in/]
- Description of India and basic statistics
For the India/Pakistan Nuclear tests of 1998 see Documents in the News [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/dn98/dn98for.html#indianuclear]

Iran

Official Site of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran [http://netiran.com]
- Description of the structure of government of Iran
- Names of the people occupying positions in the government
- Text of the constitution and a few other important laws
- General information, links to news organizations, etc..
The Embassy of The Islamic Republic of Iran in Ottawa< [http://www.salamiran.org/]
- Description of government found under Iran Information
- Economic statistics, culture, women, religion, and tourism information
- Uses Java and heavily graphic
Iran Online [http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/index.html]
- Links to many Iranian government websites including the Parliament and President
- Text of the Constitution
Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.un.int/iran/]
- Text of statements made to the Security Council beginning 1994 and General Assembly beginning 1996
- "Iran in United Nations Resolutions"
- Includes links to Iranian news sources
- Text in English
President Ahmadinejad [http://www.president.ir/eng/]
- Biography, speeches and interviews
- Full text of his books
- Biographies of cabinet officials
Historical Materials
- CIA and Iran (New York Times) [http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/041600iran-cia-index.html]
  - British and Central Intelligence Agency plan to return the shah to Iran in 1952
  - Provides historical context and primary documents
- Declassified Documents on Iran and the United States (National Security Archive) [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB21/index.html]
  - Text of six declassified documents on the Iranian Revolution and the taking of American hostages in 1989
  - Time period: 1947-91
  - Includes a 1985 National Security Decision Directive and the 1991 National Security Decision 54

Iraq

Model League of Arab States [http://haynese.winthrop.edu/mlas/iraq.html]
- Background information, State Department reports, maps, membership in international organizations
- Speech by Saddam Hussein on anniversary of revolution
- Additional research materials

Israel

Comprehensive
- Israel (Mario's Cyberspace Station [http://mprofaca.cro.net/news062.html]
  - Links to Israeli government agencies
  - Current and historical U.S. and Israeli sources of information
  - Emphasis on news sources and Arab-Israeli Conflict
- Israel Information Service [http://www.israel.org]
  - Descriptions of and links to government agencies
  - Full text, in English, of numerous publications and statistics
  - Press releases on foreign relations
  - Extensive historical and current documentation on Arab-Israeli relations
  - Business, cultural, and travel information
  - Each web page is searchable by keyword
Individual Agencies
- Defense Forces [http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&srch=&id=5&clr=1]
  - History and structure of the Israeli military
  - Forces killed and wounded in terrorist attacks and war
  - Civil defense information for the Israeli public
- The KNESSET -The Parliament of Israel [http://www.knesset.gov.il/]
- Ministry of Defense [http://www.mod.gov.il/]
  - as of May 1998, in Hebrew only
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs [http://www.mfa.gov.il/]
  - Primary documents on the peace process
  - Timeline and status of the Wye Agreement
  - Facts about Israel
- Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.israel-un.org/]
  - Description of the United Nations issues regarding Israel and historic UN documents
  - Geopolitics and the countries with which Israel has diplomatic relations

North Korea

AltaVista's Babelfish [http://babelfish.altavista.com/]
- Translates Korean web pages (with subsequent links) and pasted text to English
- Also translates English to Korean
Korean History Project [http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/]
- History of North and South Korea from prehistory to present
- Description of both governments, travel, weather, time
North Korea [http://www.kcna.co.jp/index.htm]
- Daily news from the Korea Central News Agency beginning December 2, 1996
- News represents opinions of Kim Jong II and North Korean foreign policy
People's Korea [http://www.korea-np.co.jp/pk/]
- English-language web site with North Korea policies
- Includes military affairs, economics, and foreign relations with the U.S. and South Korea
- Most documents dated 2000+
Socialist Constitution [http://www.novexcn.com/dprk_constitution_98.html]

Pakistan

Government [http://www.pak.gov.pk/]
- Detailed descriptions of government agencies
- History, culture, and facts about Pakistan
Ministry of Foreign Affairs [http://www.mofa.gov.pk/]
- Description of bilateral and multilateral foreign policies
- Includes Pakistani position on the New International Economic Order
Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.pakun.org/]
- Statements to the Security Council (1996+) and General Assembly (1995+)
- Documents on Kashmir and Afghanistan
Permanent Mission to the United Nations (Geneva) [http://missions.itu.int/~pakistan/web/perm_rep.htm]
For the India/Pakistan Nuclear tests of 1998 see Documents in the News [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/dn98/dn98for.html#indianuclear]
See also Pakistan Coup - 1999 [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/dn99/dn99for.html#pakistan]

Palestine

Palestine National Authority [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20010201155400/http://www.pna.org/]
- Links to the Ministry of Information and the Central Bureau of Statistics
- Site is under construction
Complete Guide to Palestine's Websites [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20010515033618/www.birzeit.edu/links/]
- Links to government services, election information, and human rights
- Includes educational institutions, media, personal home pages, and travel
Country of Palestine [http://www.hejleh.com/countries/palestine.html]
- Extensive annotated links to business, companies, culture, education, government, history, politics, religion, and travel
- Links include a combination of local sources and those from other countries, including the U.S. government
- Numerous maps
Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment [http://www.lawsociety.org/]
- Description of the Palestinian Authority
- Drafts of the Palestinian Basic Law and Environmental Law
- Reports on human rights abuses by Israel and the Palestinian National Authority
United Nations Information Center on the Question of Palestine [http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF?OpenDatabase]
- United Nations, League of Nations, and miscellaneous documents on Palestine since 1922
- Includes press releases, General Assembly and Security Council debates and resolutions; numerous reports
- Searchable by date, authoring body, UN series number, and subject (Holy Places, Jerusalem, human rights, women, water, security, refugees)

Russia

Federation Government | History | News | Translations

Translation Services

Promt's OnLine Translator [http://www.translate.ru/eng/srvurl.asp]
- Translates Russian language web sites and their immediate links into English and vice versa
- Translations to and from French, German, Russian, and English
- Translations are not perfect but will provide a sense of the subject
AltaVista's Babelfish [http://babelfish.altavista.com/]
- Translates Russian web pages (with subsequent links) and pasted text to English
- It may, however, skip certain sections
- It does not translate English to Russian

Federation Government

Constitution [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/constit.html]
- English text of December 1993 constitution
Duma [http://www.duma.ru/]
- History of the Duma, election results, and committee membership
- Text in Russian
Embassy to the United States [http://www.russianembassy.org/]
- Description of the Russian government and 1995 civil code
- How to obtain Russian visa
- Press releases on foreign policy
Ministry for Atomic Energy (Minatom) [through the internet archive, http://web.archive.org/web/20070202221105/http://www.x-atom.ru/minatom/min_eng.html]
- Chronology of nuclear development
- History of current projects, including mining and disarmament
- Text in English and Russian
Ministry of Defense [http://www.mil.ru/eng/]
- Text in Russian and English
Ministry of Economy [http://www.economy.gov.ru/]
- Macroeconomic data and forecasts
- Text in Russian and English
Ministry of Foreign Affairs [http://www.mid.ru/bul_ns_en.nsf/kartaflat/en01]
- Press releases and briefings
- Statements made at the United Nations
- Text in English with English search engine
Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.un.int/russia/new/MainRootrus/index_plain.html]
- Statements made before the Security Council, Economic and Social Council, and General Assembly in English and Russian
- Section on Russian policies under development as of May 1998
President [http://www.un.int/russia/new/MainRootrus/index_plain.html]
- Text in Russian and English
Russian Federal Space Agency [http://www.roscosmos.ru/index.asp?Lang=ENG]
- History of the Russian space program
- Current activities and international cooperation
- Links to space web sites of other countries
- Text in English
Russian Federation [http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/ru.html]
- Extensive list of federal and regional government agencies; some city web sites
- Agency titles translated into English
Russian Government Internet Network [http://www.gov.ru/]
- Text in Russian with some English
Russian Legal Server [http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/fplegal/main.html]
- Constitution and civil code in Russian text

News Sources

Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 1992+ [AP 2 .C9752 with current issues in Serials and Microforms]
- Continues Current Digest of the Soviet Press, 1949-1992 [AP 2 .C9752]
- Also available through Academic Universe (UMich Only) since June 1, 1983 under the Current Digest of the Soviet Press
InterFax News Agency [http://www.interfax-news.com/]
- Today's political and business news for all of the CIS countries
- Archived since January 13, 1998 with one day time-delay on Academic Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe]
ITAR-TASS Russian News Agency [http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/]
- Current Russian news requires a subscription
- Data archived in English since 1994 in the World News Connection (UMich Only) [http://wnc.dialog.com/]
Moscow Times [http://www.moscowtimes.ru/]
- Today's top headlines in English
- Stock market news
St. Petersburg Times [http://www.sptimesrussia.com/]
- Comprehensive coverage of local and national news
- Today's news free; archive since 1994 requires a subscription
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty [http://www.rferl.org/]
- U.S. government news, analysis, special reports, and summary economic and human rights information for Russia and Eastern Europe
- The Newsline feature has current news broadcasts to Eastern Europe beginning April 1997
- Newsline replaced the Open Media Research Institute Daily Digest reports and provides a searchable archive to its reports back to 1991
- OMRI Daily Digests [http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/news/rferl/master.htmlopt-tables-unix-english-], 1991-March 1997, also remained available as of May 30, 1997
The Russian News Service [http://www.einnews.com/russia/]
- News, business, culture, and travel information for Russia and CIS countries
- News service archived to December 2, 1996
Vladivostok News [http://vlad.tribnet.com/]
- English-language newspaper of the Russian far east
- Political and business news with candid editorials
- Archived since December 1995 with a search engine
- Links to the dail version
Voice of Russia [http://www.ruvr.ru/index.php?lng=eng]
- Radio broadcasting and telecommunications service
- Special reports on foreign and domestic public policy
- Multilingual text
World News Connection [http://wnc.dialog.com/]
- Text of foreign radio broadcasts and newswires translated into English since November 1994
- Searchable by keyword, date, and region
- Includes ITAR/TASS news agency
- Translations from countries with a U.S. trade embargo (e.g. Iran, Iraq, Sudan and Libya) were removed beginning October 1999

Russian History

Cold War International History Project [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=topics.home&topic_id=1409]
- Primary documents and articles on the history of the Cold War
- Includes the arms race, policies of leaders, book reviews
- Lengthy sections on Stalin and Khrushchev
- Searchable by keyword, subject tree, type of document
RedFiles (PBS) [http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/]
- Accompanies a television series about Soviet intelligence, sports, propaganda, and a secret mission to the moon
- Transcripts and pictures from program
- Text of interviews and searchable access to an English version of the Russian archives
Revelations from the Russian Archives (Library of Congress) [http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/intro.html]
- Translations and copies of key documents on Russia's political and foreign relations documents since 1917
Russia History Index: World Wide Web Virtual Library
- Features annotated links to scholarly web sites on Russian history, most in English

South Korea

AltaVista's Babelfish [http://babelfish.altavista.com/]
- Translates Korean web pages (with subsequent links) and pasted text to English
- Also translates English to Korean
Korean History Project [http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/]
- History of North and South Korea from prehistory to present
- Description of both governments, travel, weather, time
Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.un.int/korea/]
South Korea Min. of Info. and Communications [http://www.mic.go.kr/]
- White paper, laws, and reports on information and telecommunications policy

Syria

Syria [through the internet archives, http://web.archive.org/web/20010208090918/http://www.awo.net/country/ctrypgs/chsyr.asp]
- Syrian culture, business, and travel
- Names of government officials
- From Arab World On-Line
Embassy to the United States [http://www.syrianembassy.com/]
- Some policy and domestic issues
- Text in English and Arabic

United States Foreign Policy

Comprehensive Guides

United States Foreign Policy (UMich) [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/forpol.html]
- Extensive annotated guide to current and historical sources
- Listing below is a selection from that web page
Federal Agency Web Sites [http://www.lib.lsu.edu/gov/fedgov.html]
- Cleancut alphabetical listing of federal agency web sites
- Includes search engine
First.Gov [http://www.firstgov.gov/]
- Portal to federal government information
- Initial web page oriented toward the citizen-consumer with links to forms, consumer recalls, etc.
- Search engine indexes most government web sites
- A simple search of "national missile defense" netted over 1000 items
Google Search Engine [http://www.google.com/unclesam]
- Web search engine devoted exclusively to sites with .gov and .mil extensions
- Excellent for federal policy papers

Executive Branch

Declassified Material

Declassified Documents [http://www.ddrs.psmedia.com]
- Over 70,000 confidential, secret and top secret documents declassified under the Freedom of Information Act and deposited in Presidential Libraries
- Material includes White House, CIA, FBI, Defense Department, National Security Council, Atomic Energy Commission, NATO, United Nations and others
- Most are dated 1946-68
- Searchable by keyword with an advanced search that includes keyword, agency, classification level, sanitation level, date declassified and issue date
- PDF format for the original plus a more easily-read text format with the search keywords highlighted in red
- The corresponding microfiche is located in Serials Services and Microforms; the retrospective fiche is MICRO-F397; the current fiche is MICRO-F X194
Digital National Security Archive (UMich Only) [http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/]
- Full text of declassified federal documents issued during the Cold War period
- Many of the documents issued by the State Department, Defense Department, and Central Intelligence Agency
- Subjects include:

Afghanistan
Berlin Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
El Salvador

Intelligence Community
Iran-Contra Affair
Iranian Revolution
Military Uses of Space

Nicaragua
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Philippines
South Africa

Searchable by a combination of collection, subject, keyword, creator, recipient, classification, document type, and date
Text in pdf or gif format

Defense Community

Anthrax Vaccination Program (Defense Dept) [http://www.anthrax.osd.mil/]
- History of the disease, how it is spread, and symptoms
- Once symptoms occur, death rate is 99%
- Evidence it is being used for biological warfare
- Information on the military's vaccination program
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency/State Dept. [http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureauac.html]
- Speeches, fact sheets, and reports on arms control
- Approximately 40 international treaties on nuclear and environmental disarmament
- Statistics on military expenditures and arms transfers for 172 countries
Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center (Army) [http://www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil/]
- Public access information includes news highlights, recent patents, and description of the agency
- Data bases and military handbooks only available to government personnel
DefenseLINK (Dept. of Defense) [http://www.defenselink.mil/]
- Defense Department speeches and press releases searchable by date or keyword
- Links to Defense Department agencies
Military Network [http://www.military-network.com/]
- Annotated links to U.S. military and military academy web sites
- Extensive links to foreign governments and foreign government military web sites
United States Commission on National Security/21st Century (Hart/Rudman) [http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nssg/]
- Investigation into the new world emerging, a national security strategy, and means for implementing the strategy
- The first phase, New World Coming [http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nssg/nwc.pdf] describes America's increasing vulnerability to terrorism
- Web site includes the world's love/hate relationship with America, technological changes, and a readers' forum

Intelligence Community

Central Intelligence Agency [https://www.cia.gov/]
- Press releases, testimony before Congress, and publications
- Links to intelligence community web sites
- Factbook on Intelligence
  - History of the Central Intelligence Agency, key dates, and historic list of intelligence directors
Intelligence Community [http://www.fas.org/irp/]
- Web site of the Federation of American Scientists
- Presidential Executive Orders and Directories, Defense Department Directories, laws and regulations affecting American intelligence
- Links to official intelligence community web sites with FAS model web pages
National Security Agency [http://www.nsa.gov]
- Brief information about the agency
National Security Council [http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/index.html]
- The NSC advises the President on military affairs and is headquartered in the White House
- History of the agency and a national security strategy
- Speeches from the Clinton era, 1993-2000, appear on the National Archives [http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/nschome.html] web site
Strategic Intelligence (Loyola) [http://www.loyola.edu/dept/politics/intel.html]
- Links to U.S. intelligence and military intelligence web pages as well as selected web pages of foreign countries
- Selected declassified documents and journal articles from Covert Action Quarterly
U.S. Intelligence Community (Columbia University) [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/lehman/guides/intell.html]
- Chart describing relationship of U.S. intelligence agencies
- Annotated bibliography and web links to information on the CIA, DIA, NSC, NSA, FBI, Energy Department and State Department
- Histories, intelligence reform, bibliographies, classified and declassified documents, periodical articles

Diplomatic Community

Department of State Foreign Affairs Network [http://www.state.gov/index.html]
- State Department speeches and foreign policy
- Index located at the top of the page
- Regions includes country information as well as State Department testimony and press releases on such topics as China's trade status and the Asian economic crisis
- Department covers the biographies of officials
- Outreach links to State Department reports and foreign policy magazines
- Foreign Relations of the United States is available on-line with selected volumes, 1945-68, and provides additional examples of memoes
Permanent Mission to the United Nations [http://www.un.int/usa/]
- Statements and speeches before the United Nations since January 1996
- Arranged chronologically with identification of topic

President

Historical Material
- Presidential Decisions and Directives (Federation of American Scientists) [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/direct.htm]
  - List of national security directives since President Truman
  - Full text of everything that has been declassified
- Public Papers of the Presidents, 1945+ (J 80 .A25)
- Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1965+ (J 80 .A1 W38)
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1993+ [http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/nara003.html]
- Full text of Presidential executive orders, speeches, press conferences, names of nominees
- Phrases should be in parentheses and Boolean operators capitalized (e.g. "china" AND "most favored nation")
- Table of contents search (contents AND "july 28, 1997)
White House Electronic Publications [http://www.whitehouse.gov/]
- Press releases, speeches and documents beginning January 2001 and updated daily
- Keyword searching only
- President Clinton's website is available through the National Archives [http://clinton4.nara.gov/]

Legislative Branch

Publication	Definition	UMich Source	Public Access Source
Background Information	Identifies bills, keyplayers, politics of issue	Academic Universe Congressional Quarterly, 1983+ Congress Daily, 1991+ National Journal, 1977+ ProQuest	CNN Politics Google U.S. Government Search Policy Com Political Information
Bills	Proposed Legislation	Congressional Universe, 1989+ THOMAS, 1973+	THOMAS, 1973+
Hearings	Committee Testimony	Congressional Universe, 1970+ --Index, 1970+ --Full Text, 1988+	Hearings Bibliography, 1995+ Selected full text
Committee Prints	Background Research	Congressional Universe, 1970+ --Index, 1970+ --Full Text, 1993+	Hearings Bibliography, 1995+ Sometimes on committee web site
Committee Reports	Committee Recommendations	Congressional Universe, 1970+ --Index, 1970+ --Full Text, 1988+	GPO Access, 1995+
Congressional Record	Floor Debates	Congressional Universe, 1985+	THOMAS, 1993+,

Background
- Academic Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/]
  - Full text of newspapers from around the world and journal articles
  - Search Government and Political News/Legislative News
  - Sample search: china w/10 (world trade organization or most favored nation)
- CNN Politics [http://www.cnn.com/allpolitics]
  - Today's political news from Time, CNN, and Congressional Quarterly
- Congress Daily (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/congcomp/]
  - Full text of Hill news since 1991 and updated twice daily
  - Searchable by keyword and year
  - In Inside Washington section of Congressional Universe
- CQ Weekly Report (UMich Only) [http://library.cqpress.com/cqweekly/]
  - Full text of CQ since 1983
  - Initial page boots up to current issue
  - Separate search engines for articles and roll call votes can be limited by year
  - Paper copy in Documents Center as JK 1.C12--Ref. with older issues in Graduate Library
  - Web subscription includes CQ Researcher which provides briefing reports on public policy issues
- Google's U.S. Government Search [http://www.google.com/ig/usgov]
  - Indexes federal government web pages with a .gov and .mil extension
  - Great for obtaining statements by members of Congress and reports of the Executive Branch
- National Journal [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/congcomp/]
  - Weekly periodical on government agencies; includes major legislative issues
  - Full text, 1977+, available under Inside Washington from Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Also in Graduate Library as JK 1.N28 with current issues in Documents Center--Docs.Ref.
- Speak Out [http://www.speakout.com/activism/issues/]
  - Daily periodical with current policy news, issue of the week, and in-depth analysis of 20 current policy issues
- Political Information [http://www.politicalinformation.com/]
  - Index limited to political information on the web
  - Links to full text
- ProQuest [http://www.lib.umich.edu/eresources/proquest/]
  - Index to over 2300 popular and scholarly journals since the mid-1980s
  - Full text of numerous journals since the 1990s

Bills
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/congcomp/]
  - Indexes bills since 1989 by subject, keyword, sponsor, and date
  - Provides the full text and legislative status
  - Also includes the full text of laws and regulations in force
- THOMAS [http://thomas.loc.gov/]
  - Indexes bills since 1993 by keyword, sponsor and date
  - Provides the full text and status
Committee Publications
- Includes hearings (testimony), committee prints (research reports), reports (recommendations on bills), and documents (Executive Branch communiques)
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only) [http://web.lexis-nexis.com/congcomp/]
  - Indexes published hearings (1970+), committee prints (1993+), and reports (1989+) by subject, keyword, committee, and date
  - Provides an abstract of publications located in the Documents Center in paper and/or microfiche format
  - Includes the full text of selected testimony beginning 1988
  - From the main page, search under Congressional Publications
- Paper and CD-ROM indexes of hearings and all publications, as well as paper and/or microfiche copies, located in the Documents Center
- Illustrative Slides
Congressional Record [Web]
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only) [http://www.lexis-nexis.com/congcomp/]
  - Indexes Congressional Record since 1985 by keyword, speaker, and date
  - Provides the full text
  - Located under Congressional Publications
- THOMAS [http://thomas.loc.gov]
  - Indexes speeches on the floor of Congress by subject, Member of Congress, and date since 1993

Additional Resources

University of Michigan

University of Michigan High School Debate Institute [http://www.michigandebate.com/]
- Description of various debate programs, application forms and financial aid
- Outline of the issues, information for ordering the debate handbook
- Web resources
Undergraduate Library [http://www.lib.umich.edu/ugl/classes/debate/guidelines.html]
- Library resources, libraries on campus and debate hours

Internet Search Engines

AltaVista [http://www.altavista.com/]
- Keyword index to the TEXT of individual web pages
- Largest and most popular of search engines as of July 1996
Excite [http://www.excite.com/]
- Extremely fast index to the contents of web pages
Fast Search [http://www.alltheweb.com/]
- Fastest search engine on the web
- Links to over 2 million web pages
Google U.S. Government Search [http://www.google.com/ig/usgov]
- Fast search engine which indexes only .gov and .mil web sites
- Excellent for obtaining U.S. policy information
WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources (Elizabethtown College) [http://www.etown.edu/vl/index.html]
- Nicely annotated guide for college students by Professor Wayne Selcher
- Sections on area studies, maps, news, U.S. and international government agencies, peace, think tanks and study abroad
- Includes starter tips for research
- Especially strong on international business and security issues
Yahoo [http://www.yahoo.com]
- Comprehensive classified subject list of world-wide web sites

Writing Guides
[http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/psref.html]

On-line versions of dictionaries and thesauri
Guides to English usage
Also includes interactive maps

Citation Guides
[http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cite.html]

Best citation guides on the Internet and in the library
Includes guides for citing government documents

Grace York, Coordinator, Documents Center
Ray C. Walling, Documents Center Intern, Summer 2007 University of Michigan Library
Graphics by Sherry Piontek and Barbara Perles
Send suggestions to graceyor@umich.edu

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/debate01.html

Since June 22, 2001 this page has been accessed

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Earth from lunar orbitDecember 24, 1968