International Security Affairs

Political Science 472
Dr. Raymond Tanter

Frames Index | No-Frames Version

Diplomatic strategies for freelance individiuals and states which sponsor international terrorism and engage in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

UMich Only Web Links Available from Campus Ethernet Workstations and via Modem Using 489-2222.

Last updated on April 20, 2004

Background on Subjects

Books | Periodical Indexes | Periodicals | LEXIS | News

Books and Articles

Connect to MIRLYN books within the University of Michigan Library system.
Subject Heading Examples
Keyword searching

Periodical Indexes [Web and Library]

International Political Science Abstracts, 1989+ (UMich Only)
- Index to scholarly political science journal articles in Western European languages
- Choose IPSA from the menu first; go to the next screen before searching
- Sample search: Russia near (Kosovo or Yugoslavia)
- Searches may be recombined
- Data includes author, title, journal, and abstract in English if the article is in English
- If the article is in another language, the title is translated into English but the abstract is in French
- Once you identify an article, search MIRLYN for the call number and location
- Printed copy: International Political Science Abstracts, 1951- (Ref. JA 36 .I6)
Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin (UMich Only)
- Subject index to books, articles, and government documents on politics and economics since 1972 in Western European languages
- Government documents include United States, United Nations, League of Nations, and State Governments
- There are also paper versions (English, 1915+, Z 7163 .P98 and foreign, 1968+, Z 7164 .E2 P96)
Social Sciences Citation Index 1956- (UMich Only)
- Indexes current periodical articles by author, title/keyword, journal, and author's affiliation
- Indexes cited authors by name, abbreviated title of book/journal and year
- Results provide cross references between the cited author, the citating author, and related items
- Data base also includes the Arts and Humanities and Sciences Citation Indexes
- Corresponding paper copy located in the Graduate Library Stacks, 1956- (Z 7163 .S67)
- Also on CD-ROM beginning 1981 at the Graduate Library Information Center
- Social Sciences Citation Index Examples
- Connect to MIRLYN to identify library location and call number of book or article

Periodicals on the Web

American Political Science Review (UMich Only)
- Full text of journal, 1906-1993
- Searchable by keyword, author, title, and several other categories
- Part of larger UMich JSTOR/Digital Library project
Columbia International Affairs Online (UMich Only)
- Search engine indexes current world politics journals, books, conference proceedings, and think tank working papers
- Full text primarily of working papers
Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only)
- Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
- Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
- Political party and election analysis
- Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable
- Separate index for roll call votes beginning 1995
International Affairs Periodicals (University of Pittsburgh)
- Numerous English-language periodicals on international affairs and foreign relations
- Most include the text of the current issue only
International Studies Quarterly
- Scholarly journal of the International Studies Association
- Lists contents of current and forthcoming issue but does not provide the text of articles
Iraq News (Free E-Mail Subscription)
- E-mail service analyzing ongoing confrontation with Iraq
- Includes primary documents
- Subscribe by e-mailing Laurie Mylroie at sam11@erols.com
JSTOR (UMich Only)
- Full text of major 20th Century historical and economic periodicals as well as the American Political Science Review through 1993 and World Politics, 1948-92
- Most periodicals available from 1900-90
- Index approaches by keyword, author, title, periodical
- Printing and downloading requires application/tifflist or Adobe Acrobat
Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA)
- Journal provides numerous articles on Middle East issues and current contents lists from other journals
- U.S. Middle East Policy Database provides extensive annual summaries of U.S. foreign policy, 1980+
- Links to news, facts, and countries in the Middle East as well as a global calendar of events
- Meria News requires subscription and invites reader participation
- See bottom of main page for free e-mail subscription information
Policy File (UMich Only)
- Indexes working papers of U.S. and international think tanks
- Includes several international agencies
- May include either a link to the full text OR a link to the think tank
Political Science Journals (University of Michigan)
- List by title of full text journals in political science available to campus
- Includes coverage dates and indexing
ProQuest (UMich Only)
- Indexes some 2300 journal articles in all fields since the 1980s and provides the full text of many since the late 1990s
- Includes popular and scholarly titles, such as Comparative Politics, Governing, International Political Science Review, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, and World Politics
- Journals indexed by author, title, keyword, periodical, and date
- Articles may be marked for downloading
- Text in HTML and image formats
- Journals List
Wilson Select (UMich Only)
- Full text of 800 popular journals on line since 1994
- Journal List
World Politics, 1948-92 (UMich Only)
- Full text converted by the JSTOR project
- Searchable by author, title, and keyword
- Full text can be printed or downloaded using Adobe Acrobat or tifflist
World Politics, April 1996+
- Abstracts of articles since April 1996 with a comment form for feedback and debate
- The full text of the journal is available by paid subscription only

News Sources

Web Sources

Academic Universe/Lexis (UMich Only)
- Full text of newspapers from around the world in English translation for last several years
- Choose General News from main screen
  - May choose all newspapers from a region of the world; you can click on sources to determine what is covered for each region
- Sample Search
- Some additional materials may be available through the on-line version of LEXIS
Editor and Publisher On-Line Newspapers
- Links to over 1000 newspapers worldwide
- Arranged by continent and country; for the United States, subdivided by state
- Annotations describe publication, provide links, and give pricing information when applicable
Eurasia News [Web]
- Current week's news on the Baltic countries, Central Europe, Iran andIraq
- Also includes Eurasia Research Center has occasional papers and archived news
Granma (Cuba)
- Weekly news summary of Cuban political and economic affairs beginning April 1996
International Network Information Centers (University of Texas)
- Sections on Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Russia/Eastern Europe
- Considerable background information on individual countries
- Includes references to discussion and newsgroups
Iran Weekly Press Digest
- Internal, economic, and foreign affairs news summary since January 18, 1997
Israeline
- Mostly Israeli news but generally good for the Middle East
Korea Web Weekly
- News of North and South Korea
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
- U.S. government news, analysis, special reports, and summary economic and human rights information for Russia and Eastern Europe
- The Newsline feature has current news broadcasts to Eastern Europe beginning April 1997
- Newsline replaced the Open Media Research Institute Daily Digest reports and provides a searchable archive to its reports back to 1991
- OMRI Daily Digests, 1991-March 1997, also remained available as of May 30, 1997
Stanford Netnews Filtering Service
- Tailors Usenet News items to and individual user's subject profile and provides personalized web pages on a daily basis
- Free of charge
- Guide to the service
Voice of America
- U.S. Information Agency radio broadcasts throughout the world
- Last week only
World News Connection (UMich Only)
- Full text of foreign news broadcasts and press releases translated into English beginning November 1994
- Searchable by keyword, region and subject, or Boolean logic and modified by date
- Available to University of Michigan IP addresses
- World News Connection Guide
- Continues the Foreign Broadcast Information Service

Library Sources

Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 1975-96 [Library]

Indexes foreign radio broadcasts and newswires translated into English
Approach by keyword, title, subject, and region
Once the translations are identified, you can find the text in the Serials/Microforms Room
Guide to FBIS

Continued by the World News Connection

INDEX CODE   SERIES NAME               FICHE #        YEARS COVERED 
                                       Call Number # 

AAP  *       Asia and the Pacific      Micro-F X211   1974-87
AFR  **      Africa (Sub-Sahara)       Micro-F X212   1987-96
                                        DT348.A24U529  current
EAS  *       East Asia                 Micro-F X211   1987-96
                                        DS1.U59A39     current
EEU          Eastern Europe            Micro-F X209   1974-96
                                        DR1.U58A239    current
LAT          Latin America             Micro-F X213   1974-96
MEA  **      Middle East and Africa    Micro-F X212   1974-87
NES  **      Near East and South Asia  Micro-F X212A  1987-96
                                        DS41.D14       current
PRC          China                     Micro-F X208   1974-96
                                        DS701.U529     current
SOA  ***     South Asia                Micro-F X215   1980-87
SOV  ***     Soviet Union              Micro-F X210   1974-91
             Central Eurasia           Micro-F X210   1991-present
USR  ****    Central Eurasia           Micro-F X210   1993-94
WEU          Western Europe            Micro-F X214   1974-96

______________________
*      In 1987 AAP (Asia and Pacific) series became EAS (East Asia)
**     In 1987, MEA (Middle East & Africa) dropped  Mid East & became
       AFR (Sub-Saharan Africa).  South Asia added it, becoming
       NES (Near East & South Asia).
***    In 1991, the Soviet Union Daily Report became the Central Eurasian
       Daily Report.  The mnemonic remains SOV.
****   In 1991, the index began covering JPRS reports on Political Affairs
       of the CIS, citing them as the Central Eurasian Report (USR).

Internet Search Engines

AltaVista

Extensive keyword index to the text of individual web pages

EXCITE

Like AltaVista, it indexes the contents of individual web pages
Very powerful with search modification options

Political Information

Keyword index to Internet sites on public affairs, including governments and think tanks
Example: economic and sanctions

Yahoo

Comprehensive classified subject list of world-wide web sites

International Relations

Arab-Israeli Peace Related Documents

Texts of the PLO-Israel Recognition and Palestinian-Israeli Declaration of Principles (1993)
Gaza Strip/Jericho and Transfer of Power Agreements (1994)
Palestinian-Israeli Interim Agreement (1995)

Bosnia

Bosnia Home Page (CalTech)
- News releases on war
- Press releases by Bosnian government
Bosnia Virtual Atlas
- Very detailed road maps with an index by place
Peace Agreement, November 21, 1995
- Peace Agreement Summary (CalTech)
United States Military Presence
- Connect to THOMAS
  - For debates srrounding S.J.Res.44, passed by the Senate on December 13, 1995 and authorizing the use of troops
- CNN Coverage
  - Searchable archives of news stories, analyses, and maps
- DefenseLINK (Dept. of Defense)
  - Speeches, press releases, briefings, and testimony by the Defense Department on Bosnia
  - Biographies, maps, and fact sheets
  - Links to Army and Air Force Bosnia pages
- Department of State Foreign Affairs Network (UIC)
  - State Department speeches and foreign policy
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  - NATO press releases and fact sheets on Bosnian peacekeeping mission
  - United Nations and other international agency publications
  - Open Media reports on Bosnia
War Crimes Tribunal
- Bosnian Home Page (CalTech)
  - News releases and history of the war
  - Information on war crimes
  - Text of documents on UN and NATO involvement
- International Criminal Tribunal (United Nations)
  - Text of basic legal documents, press releases, and tribunal cases
  - Basic Documents 1995 includes the text of S/Res.808 and 827 as well as the Sceretary General's Report on Implementation (S/25704)
  - Requires graphics to access the publications
- Security Council Resolution 780
- Security Council Resolution 808
- Security Council Resolution 827

Chemical and Biological Warfare

Chemical and Biological Warfare (SIPRI) [Web]
- Excellent links to web sites on chemical and biological weapons disarmament
Harvard-Sussex on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation
- Text and signatories of the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, and 1925 Geneva Protocol
- Publications catalog of the program

Gulf War

Fog of War (Washington Post)
- History of the Gulf War written in 1998
- Air strikes, damage done, and installations rebuilt in seven years
- Declassified documents, including National Security Directive 54 and Distinguished Flying Cross citations
United States Information Agency
- U.S. policy in the Gulf in English and Arabic
- Includes humanitarian aid, diplomacy backed by force and regional issues
- Description of weapons of mass destruction
- Chronology since 1990 and UN Security Council Resolutions
Related Research
- Academic Universe for news articles
- Iraqi Weapons Inspection
- United Nations

Economic Sanctions

International Institute of Economics
- Brief policy papers and Congressional testimony on the goals and effectiveness of economic sanctions
- Uses Myanmar as an example
State Department Policy
- Press briefing by Stuart Eizenstadt of State Department on April 28, 1999
- Announces changes in federal economic sanctions policy
USA Engage
- Promotes sanction reform
- News stories, analysis of Congressional proposals, and a rating of Congressmen
See also Congressional Universe for hearings and journals for articles

Indian/Pakistani Nuclear Tests

Background
- Center for Nonproliferation Studies
  - Chronologies and maps of nuclear facilities in both countries
  - Chinese and Russian roles
  - Numerous full-text articles and links to related web sites
- CNN Coverage (India)
  - Sanctions being considered by U.S. against India
  - Reaction of the international community to India's test on May 11, 1998
- CNN Coverage (Pakistan)
  - Primary news coverage of the Pakistani nuclear tests on May 28, 1998
  - News coverage for May 30, 1998 describes second round of tests and provides additional links
- Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers
  - Chronology of and articles on nuclear development in both countries
  - Presidential and Congressional statements on the crisis
G8 Summit
- Statement condemning India's nuclear test and encouraging Pakistan not to conduct its own nuclear test
- Dated May 15, 1998
India
- India Ministry of External Relations
  - Press release on nuclear test dated May 11, 1998
- India Server
  - India's national newspaper
  - Current nuclear test information
- Times of India
  - Newspaper of May 12, 1998 devoted to the underground nuclear test, reasons for the test, and world reaction
Pakistan
- Dawn (Pakistani Newspaper)
  - May 12, 1998 issue primarily condemns India's nuclear test
  - May 28, 1998 summarizes Prime Minister's speech on Parkistan's nuclear tests; public and world reactions
- Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  - Broad policy on nuclear non-proliferation and India
- Pakistan Mission to the United Nations
  - Includes statements of protest toward the Indian nuclear tests
- Pakistan Television
  - Full text of top news stories for past week
Treaties
- Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (ACDA)
  - Full text of treaty and annexes
  - List of signatories
  - Neither India nor Pakistan had signed the treaty as of May 12, 1998
  - History of U.S. involvement
  - Prepared by U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (ACDA)
  - History of the treaty since 1945
  - Text of the 1968 treaty and its signatories
  - Neither India nor Pakistan have signed the treaty
United Nations
- Security Council
  - Condemnation of Indian Tests (May 14, 1998)
  - Condemnation of Pakistani Tests (May 29, 1998)
- United Nations Secretary General
  - Kofi Annan's statement of regret on Indian tests, dated May 11, 1998
United States
- Central Intelligence Agency
  - CIA Press Release
    - Brief statement dated May 12, 1998 promising investigation
  - Senator Richard Shelby (R-Alabama)
    - Press release on CIA's failure to predict India's nuclear test
    - Shelby is chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
    - Press release dated May 12, 1998
- Sanctions
  - Arms Export Control Act (22 USC 2751 ff)
    - Law authorizes President to impose arms export restrictions
    - See especially 22 USC 2799aa
  - Export Sanctions (Bureau of Export Administration)
    - Suspension of U.S. exports of military or nuclear equipment to India and Pakistan dated May 29, 1998
  - India and Pakistan Sanctions (Intl Trade Administration)
    - Text of Presidential Determinations and various press releases
    - Federal Register and State Department notices on trade sanctions
    - Data on top U.S. exports to India and economic background on Pakistan
    - Frequently-asked questions about the trade suspension
  - Sanctions Against India
    - White House press release on U.S. sanctions against India for its nuclear test
    - Dated May 13, 1998
- United States State Department/South Asian Affairs
  - Press releases, testimony, and departmental policy on South Asia
  - State Department Press Briefing
    - Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott's press briefing on Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests
    - Dated May 28, 1998
  - Background Notes on India (Nov. 1997) and Pakistan (Nov. 1997) analyze each country's foreign policy

Iraqi Weapons Inspection

Background Information
- CIA's Secret War in Iraq (ABC News)
  - Historical background on the Central Intelligence Agency's attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power
  - Sections on the White House, CIA, Kurds, Iraqi National Congress, the Accord, and Saddam Hussein
  - Numerous articles in the hotlinks
- Contemporary Conflicts: Iraq (Canadian Forces College)
  - Links to news stories, maps, and United Nations documents
- Iraq News (Free E-Mail Subscription)
  - E-mail service analyzing ongoing confrontation with Iraq
  - Includes primary documents
  - Subscribe by e-mailing Laurie Mylroie at sam11@erols.com
- Policy.com Issue of the Week
  - History of the current crisis beginning with the Gulf War of 1991
  - Policy papers on various options
News Coverage
- BBC News
  - British analysis of military options
  - Issue dated February 13, 1998
- Cable News Network
  - Breaking coverage of developments
  - Archive of sources and links to related web sites
- IraqNet News Center
  - Links to local and international newspapers on Iraq
  - News may be in English, Arabic, or other languages
- MSNBC News: The Persian Gulf Balance of Power
  - Map of U.S. forces
  - Archive of news articles
- One World
  - News articles opposed to U.S. action against Iraq
- PBS Online NewsHour
  - Interview with UN Ambassador Bill Richardson on November 12, 1997
- Washington Post International Special Report
  - Review of U.S. military strength and Iraqi germ missile sites
Iraq
- Ba'th Arab Socialist Party
  - Speech by Saddam Hussein on Arab Unity in September 1997
- Iraq's Army Organization (CNN)
  - Description of army organization, forces, and equipment
  - U.S. and British military assets in the region
  - Data from Jane's World Armies
- Mission to the United Nations
  - Speeches and press releases by Saddam Hussein and UN Ambassador
  - Includes statement on Security Council Resolution 1134
- Statement Regarding Scott Ritter
  - Official press release dated January 12, 1998
  - Rejects American Scott Ritter as leader of UN inspection team
  - Profile of Scott Ritter (CNN)
Iraqi National Congress
- Web site supporting Iraqi opposition forces
- Lists suspected locations for weapons of mass destruction and names the countries which contributed to them
- Pictures of suspected palaces
- News and cultural information
United Nations
- Diplomatic Agreement
  - Memorandum of Understanding
    - Memorandum of understanding between the United Nations and Iraq on weapons inspection dated February 23, 1998
  - Press Conference (Annan/Aziz)
    - Unofficial transcript of press conference with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and Iraq Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz on Memorandum of Understanding
    - Press conference on February 23, 1998
  - Secretary General's Mission to Iraq
    - Includes items in this section and additional news
  - Security Council Resolution 1154
    - Resolution affirms Secretary General's Memorandum of Understanding
    - Promises severest consequences if Saddam Hussein does not comply with inspection agreement
    - Passed on March 2, 1998
  - UN News Story
    - Press release dated February 22, 1998 about diplomatic agreement between Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein on weapons inspection
- Security Council
  - Security Council
    - Security Council resolutions since 1974 with searchable interface since 1994
    - Also includes press releases and Presidential statements
  - Iraq 986
    - Documents regarding Security Council Resolution 986 (1995)
    - Resolution permits the distribution of humanitarian aid to Iraq
  - Security Council Resolution 1134
    - Resolution insisting Iraq allow its Special Commission to investigate nuclear sites
    - Resolution dated October 23, 1997
  - Security Council Resolution 1137
    - Condemns Iraq's continuing refusal to allow U.S. weapons inspectors
    - Dated November 12, 1997
- United Nations Web Site
  - For additional coverage
  - Search as iraq weapons inspection and specify the field as all words
- United Nations Special Commission
  - Mandate and membership
  - General Assembly and Security Council resolutions relating to UNSCOM
  - Various reports on weapons inspection
  - Latest semi-annual report
United States
- Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (State Department)
  - Links to press releases and country reports assessing human rights and foreign policy
- Department of Defense
  - Iraq's chemical weapons capability
  - Archived articles, press releases, and transcripts of Defense Department officials
- State Department Press Briefing
  - Press briefing by James Rubin on October 29 about the seriousness of the situation
- United States Information Agency
  - U.S. policy in the Gulf in English and Arabic
  - Includes humanitarian aid, diplomacy backed by force and regional issues
  - Description of weapons of mass destruction
  - Chronology since 1990 and UN Security Council Resolutions
United States Military Plans - February 1998
- CNN Coverage of Town Meeting
  - Officials explain Iraq policy at Ohio State University on February 18
  - Audio coverage of questions and answers
  - News story and reaction
- Congressional Bills
  - H.R. 3208 (Paul) against using Defense Department appropriations for attack
  - H.Con.Res. 226 (Bartlett) prohibits attack unless authorized by law
  - S.Con.Res. 71 (Lott) condemns Iraq for threatening peace
  - H.Res. 322 (Lantos) expresses sense of Congress that U.S. should act
  - S.Con.Res. 76 (Murkowski) enforces embargo
  - S. Res. 179 (Specter) condemns Saddam Hussein as a war criminal
  - Iraq Liberation Act
    - Provides up to $97 Million in funding to support a transition government in Iraq
    - H.R. 4655, Public Law 105-338 (signed Oct. 31, 1998)
  - Search THOMAS for the text, summary, and status of these bills as well as links to speeches in the Congressional Record
- President Clinton's Pentagon Speech (AllPolitics)
  - Text of President Clinton's speech to Pentagon officials on February 17, 1998
  - Outlines reasons for a proposed military strike
  - White House version
- Public Opinion Polls
  - Gallup
    - Data released February 18, 1998
    - Public support for various military options against Iraq with time series data
  - Washington Post/ABC Poll
    - Poll taken February 17-18, 1998
    - Public support for military options given various conditions
United States Military Plans - November 1998
- Letter from Tariq Aziz
  - Letter dated November 14 offering compliance
  - Includes two-page addendum with additional recommendations
- Letter from Nizar Hamdoon
  - Letter from Iraqi ambassador to UN dated November 14, 1998
  - Reaffirms full compliance with weapons inspection
- President Clinton's Address to Nation
  - November 15th address suspending planned military action against Iraq
  - Call for new government

Kosovo

Documents Center's news coverage of the NATO airstrike against Kosovo
Includes numerous newswire services, NATO statements, federal bills
Refugee relief, military actions

Peace and Conflict Networks

Federation of American Scientists
- Professional lobby group for peace
- Articles, statistics, and recommended legislation on chemical and biological warfare, nuclear disarmament, military sales, space, American defense spending
- Sections often include foreign as well as U.S. information
- News provides articles, press releases and statements on weapons of mass destruction for individual countries since 1990
Foreign Affairs Online (University of Virginia)
- Comprehensive annotated guide to foreign relations from a U.S. perspective
- General reference sources, U.S., foreign, IGO and NGO web sites
- One of the best lists of UN related organizations
- History and focus of international relations think tanks
International Relations and Security Network
- Comprehensive site for peace, security, and defense issues
- Approach by subject or country
- Sponsored by the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research

Terrorism

General Sources
- Counterterrorism (State Department)
  - Press briefings and testimony on terrorist activities, including the 1998 embassy bombings
  - List of terrorist organizations and multilateral treaties against terrorism
  - Security guidelines for Americans overseas
  - Current antiterrorist legislation
  - Reports on global terrorism since 1995 and major terrorist incidents against Americans
- International Policy Institute for Counterterrorism
  - International Terrorism
    - Features data base of terrorist incidents since 1990, searchable by date, country, type of target (business, government, church) and number of casualties
    - Documents and articles from countries sponsoring terrorism
  - Counterterrorism includes international treaties since 1963 and UN resolutions since 1985 on the subject
- Patterns of Global Terrorism (State Dept)
  - Summary of terrorist acts by continent and country since 1995
  - State-Sponsored Terrorism includes the seven rogue countries
  - Appendix provides a chronology of terrorist acts and a description of the terrorist groups
U.S. Retaliation on Embassy Bombings
- Background
  - U.S. bombed suspected terrorist base camps in Afghanistan and Sudan on August 20, 1998
  - Ussamah bin Laden is suspected organizer of embassy bombings
- CNN Coverage
  - News article, maps of targets
  - Public and Congressional reaction to the bombings
- MSNBC
  - Features summary of a 1993 classified State Department report predicting terrorist bombings
  - Includes some chronology of the bombing decision
- Strikes on Terrorist Related Facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan (State Department)
  - Presidential statements on air strikes
  - Secretary of State Albright's press statements and interviews
  - Links to reports on patterns of world terrorism
  - Travel warnings
- Washington Post Coverage
  - Includes President Clinton's and Defense Secretary William Cohen's remarks
Osama bin Laden
- Ussamah bin Laden (Scholars' Network)
  - Biography and CNN news articles on suspected previous terrorist activities
  - Text of three declarations of war against the United States
- A Global Pan-Islamic Network (Washington Post)
  - Subtitle: Terrorism Entrepreneur Unifies Groups Financially, Politically
  - Article dated August 23, 1998
- Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders issued on Feb. 23, 1998
- U.S. Offensive Against Terrorism (New York Times)
  - Cluster of articles on the embassy bombings and U.S. retaliation
  - Includes an article about Osama bin Laden
  - Access requires free registration

Treaties

Arms Control Treaties and Agreements (ACDA)
- Full text of 40 historic arms control agreements
- Biological, environmental, nuclear, and space
International Law Links (Braumiller & Rodriguez)
- Comprehensive links to international trade law and NAFTA web sites
International Laws and Treaties (House of Rep)
- Links to major historical and current international treaties, including those on the UN and League of nations, trade, human rights, the environment and peace treaties following major wars
International Trade Law Project (UC-Irvine)
- International trade treaties by subject and date
- Includes GATT, NAFTA, World Trade Organization
International Treaties (Fletcher School)
- Searchable by subject
- Includes 19th Century treaties as well as current

International Agencies

European Union | NATO | United Nations

European Union

Europa (European Commission)
- History, structure, program, activities, and directory of members
European Union and the Internet (Antero Aunesluoma/Helsinki)
- Links to European Union web sites as well as documents, newsgroups, and web sites on the EU from around the world
European Union Basics (Roland Siebelink/Brussels)
- Descriptive guide to the EU and its policies in question-and-answer format

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Historic documents, NATO Handbook, NATO Review
Current press releases and fact sheets

Organization of American States

Speeches of Secretary General of OAS
Directories, calendars, and organizational information
Bibliography of OAS publications (primarily in Spanish) with summaries

United Nations Publications

Background Information | Types of Printed Documents | Web Sites

Background Information [Library]

United Nations Yearbook [Library]
- Doc.Cen JX 1976 .A1 U64--UN Ref.
- Most complete summary of United Nations activities with citations to or reprints of the most important United Nations documents
UN Chronicle [Library]
- Doc.Cen. JX 1977.A1 U6--UN Ref.
- Quarterly summary of major issues before the United Nations
- Includes selected citations to UN documents but seldom reprints
A Global Agenda: Issues before the UN General Assembly [Library]
- Summary of agenda items with citations to relevant documents
- Doc.Cen. JX 1977 .A1 U54-Ref.

Types of United Nations Documents

Official Records

Document	Definition	Index	Full Text
Official Records	Debates	Access UN*, 1956+ UN Speech Index, 1983+	Access UN, 1990+ if vote UNODS, 1992+ (password in DocCen) DocCen in paper and fiche
Resolutions	Legislation	*Access UN, 1956+**	Access UN, 1990+ UNODS, 1946+ (password in DocCen) UN Web Site --GA, 1981+ --SC, 1974+ DocCen in paper and fiche
Voting Records	Country Votes on Resolutions	Voting Records --SC, 1946+ --GA, 1983+	Voting Records --Security Council, 1946+ --General Assembly, 1983+
Mimeographed (Masthead)	Letters and Drafts	*Access UN, 1956+**	UN Web Site, some, 1990+ UNODS*, 1992+ (password in DocCen) DocCen in paper and fiche

*Campus-Licensed Web Site

Definition
- Texts of General Assembly, Security Council, and Economic and Social Council proceedings
- Includes speeches by delegates and resolutions
- Each set has own index by subject and country for each year
- Identify UN series number (e.g. A/45/PV.12, S/RES/242) and ask at Documents Desk for assistance in locating paper copy or microfiche
- Example of General Assembly Index
Indexes
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Index to United Nations documents issued since 1956
  - Searches may be defined by author, country, type of document (official record, sales publication), subject, title, text, and date
  - Provides citations to United Nations microfiche and paper records located in the Documents Center
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session) and its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990, when they contain voting records
- CD-ROM Index to United Nations Publications
  - Indexes all mimeographed publications and Official Records beginning 1971
  - Level 1 is a keyword index (e.g. China and "human rights")
  - Level 2 permits field limitations by subject, date, country author and type of document
  - Guide to the Readex CD-ROM
Debates in Full Text
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session), its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990, and Security Council since Oct. 1995
- Full text of earlier years for General Assembly and full text of current Security Council debates in paper and on microfiche in the Documents Center
- Location Guide for current United Nations Official Records
- Text of Security Council debates for 1967 and 1974 currently only available on microprint
Resolutions in Full Text
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Indexes the full text of resolutions since 1956
- UN Web Site
  - Full text of General Assembly, Economic and Social Council and Security Council Resolutions since 1973
United Nations Speech Index
- Indexes speeches in the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, Security Council and Trusteeship Council since 1983
- Index by country or keyword
- Sample search by country, subject and session:
- Data includes speaker, country, subject, date, record number, and agenda item number
- Does not link to the full text of document
- Speeches are also indexed since 1956 in Access UN (UMich Only)
United Nations Voting Records
- Country voting records on Security Council resolutions since 1946 and General Assembly resolutions since the 38th Session (1983) with a possible one-year time delay
- Searchable by resolution number or keyword
- Data includes votes name of resolution, resolution number, agenda item number, and voting records for individual countries
- Additional Sources of UN Voting Records
  - United Nations Roll Call Data, 1946-1985 covers General Assembly; in SPSS format; ICPSR membership only
  - Nations on Record (Doc. Cen. JX 1977.8 .V6 N28) has General Assembly roll call charts, 1945-86
  - General Assembly Sessional Index, 1975+ (in Documents Center UN Collection) and Security Council Sessional Index, 1976+ (in Documents Center UN Collection have similar charts

Mimeographed publications

Definition
- Draft letters and resolutions submitted by delegates to UN
Index
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Index to United Nations documents issued since 1956
  - Searches may be defined by author, country, type of document (official record, sales publication), subject, title, text, and date
  - Provides citations to United Nations microfiche and paper records located in the Documents Center
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session), its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990, and some Security Council meetings since Oct. 1995
- CD-ROM Index to United Nations Publications
  - Indexes all mimeographed publications and Official Records beginning 1971
  - Level 1 is a keyword index (e.g. China and "human rights")
  - Level 2 permits field limitations by subject, date, country author and type of document
  - Guide to the Readex CD-ROM
Full Text of Mimeographed Publications
- Many but not all are located on the United Nations Web Site
- Full text in microfiche or paper in the Documents Center

United Nations Web Sites

United Nations Web Site
- Basic information on the United Nations (history, charter, member countries)
- Press releases, daily highlights
- General Assembly, ECOSOC, and Security Council publications and resolutions
- Does NOT include debates; see paper copy in Documents Center
- Indexed by keyword and type of document
- Major conference documents, catalog of UN sales publications, audio-visual material
United Nations International Organizations Network Search
- Searches the main United Nations and related agency web sites by keyword, broad subject area
- Includes the UN Headquarters, World Bank, UNICEF, United Nations Environmental Program, etc.
- Results link to individual web pages with the full text
United Nations System
- Includes the texts of UN resolutions (indexed) nd press releases from international conferences
- Considerable information on developing countries
- Gopher and web sites of the various UN departments, affiliated agencies, and conferences
- Gopher site alternative if web site is difficult to load on your workstation
United Nations Scholars' Workstation (Yale University)
- Subject index to web sites with United Nations information
- Links to numeric data sites
- Excellent research guide to United Nations information
- Academic information about Yale's UN Studies program and Yale Library resources

Additional International Agencies [Web]

Comprehensive annotated list of international organization web sites

Country Background Information

Background Information

Web Sources

Academic Universe/Lexis (UMich Only)
- Country Profiles includes statistics, background information, and biographies
Arab Net
- Overview, history, business, cultural, government, and tour information for each Arab country
- Government information includes summaries of the national structure, foreign policy, education, health, and the military
- News in Arabic and links to related web sites
Army Area Handbooks
- Detailed description of a country's culture, economy, and foreign policy
- About 71 countries available, including Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Sudan
- Additional countries may be found by searching MIRLYN: k={name of country} and country adj study.ti.
Asian Studies Virtual Library (ANU)
- Most comprehensive Internet source for culture, politics, economics, geography, news, and archaeology of Asian countries
- Scope includes Asian continent, Caucasus, Middle East, and the Pacific
- Includes hard-to-find North Korean material
Background Notes on Countries of the World (U.S. State Dept.)
- Summarizes a country's history, economy, and foreign policy
- Updated on a staggered basis every few years
- The latest edition of the paper copy is in the Map Library as G59.U58
Central America and the Caribbean
- Extensive links to Cuba
International Affairs Network (University of Pittsburgh)
- International organization web sites
- International affairs research organizations
- International affairs periodicals
- Foreign news sources
CIA World Factbook
- Brief information about a country's population, ethnicity, politics, and economics
- The corresponding paper copy is in Doc.Cen. G 122 .U56--Doc.Ref.
International Network Information Centers (University of Texas)
- Sections on Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Russia/Eastern Europe
- Considerable background information on individual countries
- Includes references to discussion and newsgroups
Middle East/North Africa Resource Guide (Univ.Utah)
- Comprehensive guide to internet resources for the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
- Resources arranged by country and by academic discipline (anthropology, economics, history, religion, sociology)
- Links include country home pages, discussion lists, and homepages of foreign students residing in the U.S.
Mideast Web for Coexistence
- Detailed current maps of the Middle East and broad historic maps spanning thousands of years
- Historic peace documents
- Brief economic, demographic and health data for Middle East countries
Model League of Arab States
- Excellent guide to members of the Arab League and related states
Russian and East European Studies (U.Pittsburgh)
- Links to national homepages for Eastern Europe
- Additional links by discipline (e.g. government, economics, language) and type (software, databases, discussion groups)
State Department Travel Advisories
- Includes health, crime, potential conflict, and embassy information for travellers
- Revised periodically as needed

Library Sources

Europa World Yearbook
- Current political history of country, directory of officials, selected economic and social statistics
- The first section of Volume 1 summarizes the structure and activities of international organizations
- Info.Cen. Desk and Doc. Desk--Ready Reference: D 2 .E92
Political Risk Yearbook
- Commercial publication with extensive summaries of a country's political history, and key players with economic and political turmoil forecasts
- Does not include North Korea
- Doc.Cen. JQ 1871 .A1 P65--Stat.Ref.

Biographies

Web Sources

Academic Universe (UMich Only)
- Biographies provides a searchable interface for numerous biographical articles
- General News may have articles for those not covered in the Biographies section
Chiefs of State and Cabinet Ministers
- Quarterly directory on names of officials in foreign countries
- Paper version is: JF 37 .A3 U53 with latest edition in Reference
Political Leaders, 1945- (Univ. of the Basque Country)
- Lists rulers of individual countries, 1945 to the present
- Arranged by country with the name, office, dates of term, regime (civilian/military) or party membership
Political Obituary (Univ. of the Basque Country)
- Brief death notices for major political leaders throughout the world
- Arranged by year and month, 1990 to present
Politics in America
- Political biograpies of Congressional Members of the 105th Congress
- Paper copy in Doc.Cen. as JK 1010 .P76-Ref with earlier years in the Graduate Library Stacks
Who's Who in the Federal Government (U.Memphis)
- Links to biographies of the cabinet and heads of independent agencies
- Includes links to Congressional committee chairs

Library Sources

Biographical Indexes
- Biography Index
  - Indexes biographies in periodical articles
  - GL Index Room and UGL Index Table: Z 5301 .W75 .A1
- Biography and Genealogy Master Index
  - Indexes numerous Who's Who publications
  - GL Information Center and UGL Index Table: Z 5305 .U5 B62
Biographical Directories
- Federal Staff Directory
  - Standard biographies of Executive Branch officials
  - Doc.Cen. JK 723 .E9 F29-Ref. Desk
- International Who's Who
  - GL Information Center and UGL Ref. CT 103.I63
- International Yearbook and Statesman's Who's Who
  - Info. Center Desk JA 51.I6
- Who's Who in the World
  - GL Information Center and UGL Ref. CT 120 .W66
LEXIS
- Most complete source for biographies appearing in foreign newspapers
- Keyword indexing permits full Boolean operators, proximity indicators, and limitations by date
- Full text may be downloaded or printed one screen at a time
- Limited to University of Michigan class assignments
- Advance signups advised for Documents Center or Information Center
- LEXIS Guide

Economics

Web Sources

Asia Week
- Weekly business, political, economic, health, and environmental news for the Middle and Far East beginning June 9, 1995
- Each issue ranks about 60 Asian and developed countries on basic economic data such as GNP, GDP, consumer price index and foreign debt
Country Commercial Guides (State Dept)
- Economic and political factors for U.S. citizens exporting to various countries
- Includes laws, contacts, key imports and exports
- Country Commercial Guides, 2002+
Country Economic Policy and Trade Practices (U.S. State Department)
- Evaluation of each country's economic policy for the past five years
- Includes basic statistics for past three years
- Paper copy issued as Congressional publication; identify call number through the Documents Center's Congressional Masterfile CD-ROM
Human Development Report (UNDP)
- Web version summarizes regional and country statistics on economic, social, and educational development
- Each annual version focuses on an individual topic
  - 1995 issue addressed gender equality
  - 1997 issue carried poverty statistics by country with additional data on life expectancy, literacy, and per capita gross domestic product
- Paper copy (Doc. Cen. HD 72 .H92) carries murder, rape, drug crime, and prisoner statistics for selected industrialized countries appear in the statistical appendix
ISI Emerging Markets (UMich Only)
- Commercial data base of emerging markets including China
- Financial news, company reports, market data, and selected legal information
- Macroeconomic section includes production by industry, foreign trade, foreign investment, and employment
Social Indicators of Development, 1994 (World Bank/CIESIN)
- Population, education, income, labor, and consumer expenditure statistics for 170 countries, 1965+
- User-friendly searching
- Click on "search interface" to access the data
Statistical Web Sites (UMich)
- Federal and international Internet sites for economic, demographic, and other statistical data
Tradeport Country Library
- General political and economic information for individual countries
- Searchable data base of Market Research Reports, which analyze country sales opportunities

Library Sources

Europa World Yearbook
- Current political history of country, directory of officials, selected economic and social statistics
- The first section of Volume 1 summarizes the structure and activities of international organizations
- Info.Cen. Desk and Doc. Desk--Ready Reference: D 2 .E92
Political Risk Yearbook
- Commercial publication with extensive summaries of a country's political history, and key players with economic and political turmoil forecasts LI>Does not include Bosnia or North Korea
- Doc.Cen. JQ 1871 .A1 P65--Stat.Ref.
Statistical Masterfile CD-ROM(UMich)
- Indexes federal, state, business, and international statistics
- CD-ROM index and corresponding microfiche in Documents Center
- Statistical Masterfile Guide
UN Monthly Bulletin of Statistics
- Times series of unemployment, consumer prices, energy, exchange rates, population, and transportation for individual countries
- Current issues in the Doc.Cen. HC 57 .A1 M79 - Stat.Ref.
United Nations Statistical Yearbook
- Various time series of economic data for individual countries
- Includes six rouge countries and former Yugoslavia
- Doc.Cen. HC 58 .U58 with current in Stat.Ref.
World Development Report
- Summary of international economic developments in previous year
- Various economic data for individual low, middle and high income countries
- Iran and Syria only
- Doc.Cen. HC 59.7 .A1 W93 with most current in Stat.Ref.
Yearbook of International Trade Statistics
- Arranged by country with exports/imports by either commodity or trading partner
- HF 92 .U48 with current edition in Reference
- Includes Cuba, former Yugoslavia, North Korea, and Syria
- Commodity Trade Statistics (Doc.Cen. HA 13 .U54) provides trade data for Croatia by commodity; ask at Documents Center for assistance

Human Rights

Amnesty International
- Annual country reports on human rights practices
Country Human Rights Reports (State Department)
- Lengthy annual assessment of each country's human rights policy
- Paper copy issued as Congressional publication; use the Documents Center's Congressional Masterfile CD-ROM to identify call number

Laws and Treaties

Constitutions of the Countries of the World
- Current constitutions of all countries
- Ref. Room JF 11 .B65
Counterterrorism (State Department)
- Press briefings and testimony on terrorist activities, including the 1998 embassy bombings
- List of terrorist organizations and multilateral treaties against terrorism
Foreign Laws
- Texts of foreign constitutions and selected other laws
International Constitutional Law
- Very current links to world constitutions on the web
- Also lists those countries without constitutions on the web
International Laws and Treaties (House of Representatives) [Web]
- Links to major historical and current international treaties, including those on the UN and League of nations, trade, human rights, the environment and peace treaties following major wars
Multilateral Treaties (Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy) [Web]
- Historical and current international conventions on arms control, environment, human rights and trade
- Approach by topic or date with keyword index

Maps

Historical Maps of Islam
- Maps cover Europe as well as the Middle East
- Several begin with 661 A.D.
Historical Maps of Israel and the Arab World
- Most are maps of peace agreements
- Current maps also include distances between Israel and its neighbors
Historical Maps of the Middle East
- Maps of cities in the Middle East from the 19th and early 20th Centuries
- Most come from guidebooks written at the time
Maps of the Middle East
- CIA maps of the Middle East and individual countries from the 1980s and 1990s
Mideast Web for Coexistence
- Detailed current maps of the Middle East and broad historic maps spanning thousands of years
- Historic peace documents
- Brief economic, demographic and health data for Middle East countries
Mining Company
- CIA, National Geographic, and University of Texas maps arranged by country
- Latitude and longitude lookup for major world cities

Military Affairs

Middle East Military Links (Ft. Leavenworth Foreign Military Studies Office)
- Unannotated links to information about military affairs in the Middle East
- Government agencies, news sources, RAND reports, private and university web sites
Military Balance
- Annual publication with data on each country's army, navy, air force personnel and weapons
- Includes contributions to international peacekeeping forces
- UA 15 .L847 with current in Doc.Cen.--Stat.Ref.
SIPRI Yearbook
- Lengthy annual summaries of international military affairs, conflicts, and disarments
- Includes statistics and signatories to major treaties
- Paper copy: UA 17 .S12 with current in Doc.Cen.--Doc.Ref.
Weapons of Mass Destruction News (FAS)
- Archived news stories by country on their weapons of mass destruction since 1990
- Sources include the Washington Post, embassy information, Congressional testimony, and local media
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (ACDA)
- Military expenditures, armed forces, GNP, and population for 172 countries, 1984-
- Arms transfers by supplier and recipient
- Summary of world military forces and arms transfers for various years, 1961 to present
- United States policy on arms control and export
- 1995 version in HTML format; 1996 version in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format

Politics

Political Resources on the Net (Italy)
- Hundreds of links to parties, movements, elections, political organizations, government, and embassy web sites arranged by country
- Searchable by country or world region
- Web site has outstanding coverage and merits its high ratings
- Includes Iran and Cuba

Country Foreign Policy

News | Sources: Foreign | Sources: US | United Nations

Country Information

First obtain General Background
Use specific country information on Economics, Human Rights, or Laws and Treaties, depending on specific paper
Obtain statements made by the country you are representing in the United Nations
Check the embassy and foreign relations web sites of the foreign country or the United States
Use Biographies to determine name of official or background on non-official
Use the name as one of the search terms in Newspapers

Country Sources (Except U.S.)

Balkan States
- For the web sites of individual countries, see Foreign Governments/Europe
- See also Bosnia, News, and Russia and Eastern Europe
China
- Chinese Embassy (Washington, D.C.)
  - Substantial information on Chinese foreign relations and public policy issues (human rights, Taiwan, Hong Kong)
  - Press releases include protests of NATO action against Yugoslavia by Chinese worker groups
  - Economic statistics, education information, and travel
- Permanent Mission to the United Nations (Geneva)
  - Press releases on Chinese policy, including human rights
  - Protests against embassy bombing in Belgrade
- See also Chinese Embassy Bombing
Cuba
- Cuba (University of Texas)
  - Links to reference materials, culture, economy, the arts, news and tourism
- Cubaweb
  - Government policies are found under "News"
  - Business, travel, and consular information
  - Text in Spanish and English
- Castro's Speeches (University of Texas)
  - Speeches searchable by type and date beginning with the 1950s
France Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Lengthy description of overall foreign policy
- Special sections on defense, nuclear testing, and the European Union
- Text in English with links to other languages
German Embassy to the United States
- Cultural and statistical information
- Tracing German ancestors
- Government includes section on foreign policies such as Middle East, United Nations, and former Soviet Union
Iran
- Iran Ministry of Post, Telephone and Telegraph
  - Includes press clippings, photos, religious information
  - English and Persian
- Iran Special Weapons Report (FAS)
  - Archived news stories on Iran and weapons of mass destruction since 1990
  - Sources include the Washington Post, embassy information, Congressional testimony, and Middle East media
Iraq
- Iraq (MLAS)
  - Background information, State Department reports, maps, membership in international organizations
  - Speech by Saddam Hussein on anniversary of revolution
  - Additional research materials
- Mission to the United Nations
  - Selected speeches and press releases
- See also Iraqi Weapons Inspection
Libya (Model League of Arab States)
- English text of Qaddafi's Kitab al-Akhdar (Green Book) on the theory of government and politics
- Libyan law
- Links to numerous web pages about Libya
Myanmar
- Myanmar
  - Travel, cultural, and business information
  - News and Politics links to opinion pieces and Internet newspapers covering Myanmar
- Permanent Mission to the United Nations, Geneva
  - Includes some political statements and press releases
  - Information about the country
North Korea
- North Korea
  - Daily news from the Korea Central News Agency beginning December 2, 1996
  - News represents opinions of Kim Jong II and North Korean foreign policy
- North Korea: Politics and Government
  - Background information on leaders, constitution, government, politics, and foreign relations
  - Sources primarily from the U.S. Army Area Handbooks, Central Intelligence Agency, and South Korea
Pakistan
- Government
  - Detailed descriptions of government agencies
  - History, culture, and facts about Pakistan
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  - Description of bilateral and multilateral foreign policies
  - Includes Pakistani position on the New International Economic Order
- Permanent Mission to the United Nations
  - Statements to the Security Council (1996+) and General Assembly (1995+)
  - Documents on Kashmir and Afghanistan
Russia
- Little available from Russia in English on the web
- See News and Russian and East European Studies
Sudan
- Republic of Sudan's Web page provides comprehensive information on Sudan and its people
Syria
- Syrian culture, business, and travel
- Names of government officials
- From Arab World On-Line
United Kingdom
- Foreign and Commonwealth Office
  - Annual report and background briefs on British foreign policy
  - Travel and consular advice
- Mission to the United Nations
  - Statements made to the General Assembly, 1997+, and Security Council
Yugoslavia
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  - Press releases, interviews, and foreign policy
  - Special section on Kosovo
  - Updates may be several days late
- Yugoslavia
  - The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia consists of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro
  - Web site includes biographies of officials, constitution, national symbols, and a map
- See also Kosovo War
Additional countries
- Foreign Embassies Worldwide
  - Links to foreign embassy web sites and gophers in the United States, Canada, and other selected countries
- Foreign Government Resources on the Web (UMich)
  - Arranged by region and country, often with multiple listings for country or annotations
- Political Resources on the Net (Italy)
  - Hundreds of links to parties, movements, elections, political organizations, government, and embassy web sites arranged by country
  - Searchable by country or world region
  - Web site has extensive coverage and merits high ratings
  - Includes Iran and Cuba
United Nations Publications
- Types of United Nations publications and their indexes
- Speeches and letters are a good source for a country's foreign policy
- United Nations web sites

United States Foreign Policy

Web Indexes

Agency Indexes
- Executive Branch Web Sites via Federal Web Locator at Villanova
  - Most comprehensive listing of hundreds of Executive Branch sites
  - Documents Center home page relies primarily on this site for access
- Executive Branch Web Sites via Federal Information Exchange
  - Provides annotations
Subject Indexes
- GovBot (White House/UMass)
  - One-stop keyword searching for a large number of federal web sites
  - Searching may be limited by keywords in title and URL
  - Output includes annotations and links
- Subject Index to Federal Government Web Sites (NTIS)
  - Numerous headings include "Military Affairs"

Archival Collections of Foreign Policy

CIA Electronic Document Archive
- Copies of highly-selected electronic documents declassified and release to the public by the CIA
- Searchable but not browsable
- Advice on obtaining information through the FOIA Act
Cold War International History Project
- Primary documents and articles on the history of the Cold War
- Includes the arms race, policies of leaders, book reviews
- Lengthy sections on Stalin and Khrushchev
- Searchable by keyword, subject tree, type of document
Cuban Missile Crisis (Yale)
- Full text of 250 official government documents, memoranda, and telegrams on the Cuban Missile Crisis
- Browsable and searchable
- Based on the State Department's Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-63
Did NATO Win the Cold War? (Vojtech Mastny)
- Twenty-three declassified documents on the history of the Cold war from U.S. and NATO archives
- Supplements article in the May-June 1999 issue of Foreign Affairs
Fog of War (Washington Post)
- History of the Gulf War written in 1998
- Air strikes, damage done, and installations rebuilt in seven years
- Declassified documents, including National Security Directive 54 and Distinguished Flying Cross citations
History Universe (UMich Only)
- Index to an extensive microfilm collection of U.S. political and social history issued by University Publications of America
- Sample collections: the FDR, Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy Office Files; Lyndon Johnson National Security Files; Immigration and Naturalization Service correspondence from the early 20th Century; pacification in Vietnam; William Westmoreland Vietnam files; Confederate military records
- Browsing by topic or title yields the guide to the microform collection (HTML or PDF format)
- Search for individual entries in a single or all microform collections by keyword and date
- Resulting entries refer to microfilm collection location
- Search MIRLYN by title for the University of Michigan microfilm call number; contact Inter-Library Loan those collections not available at the University
Inspector General's Survey of the Cuban Operations (Natl Security Archives)
- CIA report issued in 1961 and made available by the National Security Archives
- Report available in text format with chapter headings and in zipped format for easy downloading
National Security Archives
- Non-profit organization which obtains primary documents on U.S. foreign policy and intelligence under the Freedom of Information Act
- Web site provides catalog of publications
- Selected electronic texts include the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis, death of Che Guevara, China, Okinawa, and a meeting between Richard Nixon and Elvis Presley
Nixon Foundation
- Serves as a Presidential museum and library
- Excerpts of taped conversations on the overthrow of Vietnamese President Diem in 1962, the CIA, and Watergate in Word 97
- Transcripts of additional Nixon letters and memoes
State Department FOIA Electronic Reading Room
- Text of most-frequently requested documents released under the Freedom of Information Act since November 1, 1996
- Searchable by keyword with advanced searching by source, destination, date, and various keyword options
- Special collections on Guatemala, Raoul Wallenberg, and Amelia Earhart
- Text of State Department's FOIA reports, instructions for requesting FOIA information, and material transferred to the National Archives
United States Information Agency
- Subject index to archival documents through 1975 that have been declassified under Executive Order 12958
- Documents themselves are available from the USIA

Executive Branch

American Foreign Policy Index [Library]
- Detailed subject index to documents, articles, and press releases on foreign affairs from the Executive and Legislative Branches
- Quarterly and annual issues located in the Documents Center: Z 6465 .U5 A44--Docs.Ref.
- Corresponding microfiche also located in the Documents Center
Central Intelligence Agency
- Speeches and press releases
- Several CIA publications, including World FactBook and Chiefs of State
DefenseLINK (Dept. of Defense)
- Defense Department speeches and press releases searchable by date or keyword
- Links to Defense Department agencies
Department of State Foreign Affairs Network
- State Department speeches and foreign policy
- Arranged by region and subject
- Most information begins 1993/94
- Search engine accessible through toolbar at top of page
Intelligence Community (Federation of American Scientists)
- Presidential Executive Orders and Directories, Defense Department Directories, laws and regulations affecting American intelligence
- Links to official intelligence community web sites with FAS model web pages
National Security Agency
- Brief information about the agency
National Security Directive 26 (1989)
- Covert Action Quarterly article
- Text from Congressional Record, July 7, 1992, p. H6012
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1993+
- Full text of Presidential executive orders, speeches, press conferences, names of nominees
- Phrases should be in parentheses and Boolean operators capitalized (e.g. "affirmative action" AND "college admissions")
- Table of contents search (contents AND "july 28, 1997")
White House Electronic Publications
- Press releases, speeches and documents beginning January 1993 and updated daily
- Browse by date or broad subject category
- Publications can be identified using a form and specifying date, broad subject, type of publication, and principal speaker
- President Clinton's Speech to the 52nd Session of the UN General Assembly (Sept. 22, 1997) and 53rd Session of the General Assembly (Sept. 21, 1998)

Legislative Branch

Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only)
- Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
- Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
- Political party and election analysis
- Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable
- Separate index for roll call votes beginning 1995
Bills
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Indexes bills since 1989 by subject, keyword, sponsor, and date
  - Provides the full text and legislative status
- THOMAS
  - Indexes bills since 1993 by keyword, sponsor and date
  - Provides the full text and status
Committee Publications
- Includes hearings (testimony), committee prints (research reports), reports (recommendations on bills), and documents (Executive Branch communiques)
- Hearings of House International Relations and Senate Foreign Relations Committees provide Executive Branch policy as well as expert opinions
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Indexes published hearings (1970+), committee prints (1993+), and reports (1989+) by subject, keyword, committee, and date
  - Provides an abstract of publications located in the Documents Center in paper and/or microfiche format
  - Includes the full text of selected testimony beginning 1988
  - Universe Quick Guide and Universe Research Guide
Congressional Record [Web]
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Indexes Congressional Record since 1985 by keyword, speaker, and date
  - Provides the full text
- THOMAS
  - Indexes speeches on the floor of Congress by subject, Member of Congress, and date since 1993
Congressional Research for UMich Class Assignments [Web]
- Extensive guide to legislative histories, committee and member information, and public opinion

Laws and Regulations

United States Code (via Congressional Universe - UMich Only) [Web]
- Search existing laws in force by keyword or U.S. Code citation
- Updated within days of the passage of a new law
- Provides U.S. Code text as well as references to bill and public law text
- Locate under Bills, Laws, and Regulations
United States Code (via Cornell Law School)
- Text of all laws in force as of January 1996
- Searchable by popular title of law, title and section of the U.S. Code, or keyword
- Currently the best interface
Public Laws
- Iraq Liberation Act
  - Provides up to $97 Million in funding to support a transition government in Iraq
  - H.R. 4655, Public Law 105-338 (signed Oct. 31, 1998)
- Thomas
  - Public Laws beginning 1973
  - Search by law number or bill number
- Public Laws, 100th Congress, 1988+ (via Congressional Universe - UMich Only)
  - Search for full text of laws by keyword, bill number, Public Law Number, and Statutes-at-Large number
  - Provides full text and bill tracking report
Regulations
- Foreign Assets Control Regulations (Treasury Dept)
  - Overview of foreign assets regulations on Iran, Iraq, Libya, Cuba, and North Korea
  - Summary of regulations involving terrorists (Syria and Sudan), narcotics, and U.S. industries
  - Files require Adobe Acrobat software, which may be downloaded from the bottom of the web page
- Code of Federal Regulations via Congressional Universe (UMich only)
  - Full text of existing regulations in force
  - Searchable by keyword and agency
  - Updated every two weeks
- Federal Register via Congressional Universe (UMich only)
  - New regulations, proposed regulations, notices of grants and agency hearings since 1980
  - Approach by date, agency, type of information, keyword and CFR citation
  - Paper copy in Documents Center for past two years as J 83 .A2

United States Foreign Policy

Detailed guide to U.S. foreign policy, current and historical
Includes Internet, paper and microform resources

Course Information

Citations | Term Papers/Previous Classes | Web Searching Tips | Writing Guides

Writing Guides

On-line versions of dictionaries and thesauri
Guides to English usage
Also includes interactive maps

Citations

Citation Guides
- Printed guides to citing printed and electronic documents
- One web citation guide included
Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses.. (Turabian)
- Standard guide for term papers
- Web version from the University of Southern Mississippi provides summary examples
- Alternative sites at UMich Media Union and Bucknell
- Full text of paper copy available in GL Ref, UGL Ref, and Science Ref: LB 2369 .T93 1987

Course Syllabus - Spring 1998

Term Papers from Previous PS 472 Classes

Selected term papers submitted to Professor Tanter in electronic format
Header includes student name and country perspective

Web Searching Tips

If graphics on any given web site take forever to load, turn off the "autoload graphics" section of your software; logoff and then logon again
- EXAMPLE: United Nations System web site
Preview a document before you download it
- A document will download in HTML format if the originator has formatted the text in HTML
  - EXAMPLE: text of the Congressional Record via THOMAS
- Texts found on gopher sites are generally more readable when downloaded

Grace York, Coordinator, Documents Center
University of Michigan Library
Graphics by Sherry Piontek and Barbara Perles
Send suggestions to graceyor@umich.edu

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ps472.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

International Security Affairs

Books | Periodical Indexes | Periodicals | LEXIS | News

Periodical Indexes [Web and Library]

Web Sources

Library Sources

Arab-Israeli Conflict | Bosnia | Chemical/Biological Warfare Economic Sanctions | Gulf War | India/Pakistan Nuclear Tests | Iraqi Weapons Inspection Kosovo | Peace/Conflict Networks | Terrorism | Treaties

European Union | NATO | United Nations

Background Information | Types of Printed Documents | Web Sites

Background Information [Library]

Official Records

Mimeographed publications

Additional International Agencies [Web]

Background | Biographies | Economics | Foreign Policy Human Rights | Laws | Lexis | Maps | Military | Politics

Web Sources

Library Sources

Web Sources

Library Sources

Web Sources

Library Sources

News | Sources: Foreign | Sources: US | United Nations

Archives | Congress | Executive Branch | Laws | Regulations | Web Indexes

Citations | Term Papers/Previous Classes | Web Searching Tips | Writing Guides

Arab-Israeli Conflict | Bosnia | Chemical/Biological Warfare
Economic Sanctions | Gulf War | India/Pakistan Nuclear Tests | Iraqi Weapons Inspection
Kosovo | Peace/Conflict Networks | Terrorism | Treaties

Background | Biographies | Economics | Foreign Policy
Human Rights | Laws | Lexis | Maps | Military | Politics