COMMUNITY IN CONSERVATION

EUROPE

GENERAL MARINE FISHERIES PROTECTED AREAS

GENERAL

Csutora, M (1997). “The mismanagement of environmental conflicts.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 552: 52-64.

Part of a special section on reinforcing transitional democracies through conflict resolution. The writer outlines methods that are typical of corporate environmental mismanagement of conflict, methods that are partly characteristic of Hungarian society but a number of which are also quite common in the U.S. and in Europe. She focuses on strategic issues and conflict management responses and also highlights mistakes in communication with local communities. She points out that during the Communist era, the public in Hungary did not have the right to voice its opposition to corporate decisions but that recent Hungarian law supports the right of members of the public to have a say in decisions that influence their lives. She suggests that there are signs that Hungarian firms have begun to learn their lesson but points out that they require help to face the new situation of the post Communist era. She contends that conflict theory and conflict resolution techniques may assist them in dealing with communication problems and help them to reach win win situations. (Econlit)

Mackenzie, A (1998). “'The cheviot, the stag ... And the white, white rock?': community, identity, and environmental threat on the Isle of Harris.” Environment and Planning D 16(5): 509-532.

In this paper I examine the process through which different claims to 'development' and sustainability' were made during a recent

public inquiry into an application for a coastal superquarry at Lingerbay, Isle of Harris. On the one hand, a modernist discourse of sustainable development was claimed by a corporation which attempted to frame the debate in terms of jobs versus environment, exploiting rhetorically a difference between islander and incomer. Sustainable development here became the front for an extension of corporate interest and private property. On the other hand, members of the local community drew on historically resilient symbols of collective identity, crofting, the Gaidhealtacht, and observance of the Sabbath, to claim an alternative discourse of sustainability. (SSCI)

MARINE/FISHERIES:

Jentoft, S and T Kristoffersen (1989). “Fishermen's co-management: the case of the Lofoten fishery.” Human Organization 48(4): 355-365.

PROTECTED AREA:

Ayasligil, Y and F Duhme (1993). “Prospects of Koprulu Kanyon National Park for meeting both conservation targets and peoples need for development.” Landscape and Urban Planning 24(1-4): 143-151.

Koprulu Kanyon National Park is one of the largest National Parks in Turkey. Besides Olympos and Termessos National Park which are not documented at all with a distinct scientific resolution, the reference area is the only park in the East Mediterranean. Through the activities of the UNESCO concept for biosphere reserves it might be possible to match the world interest with local peoples needs. The Koprulu Kanyon National Park comprises the whole range of vegetational zones from thermo-Mediterranean to alpine environments; it also includes a well balanced proportion of natural and manmade ecosystem fragments with transient gradients, i.e. a variety of agro-silvo-pastoral subsystems. The paper discusses options for development of the area focussing on different scales, interests and addresses. Worldwide interest is to be expected for the idea of making Koprulu Kanyon National Park part of a biosphere reserve network along a transect from the Mediterranean to Inner Anatolia which necessarily must have impact on the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme, and on the International Sustainable Biosphere Initiative, as it would be difficult to find better reference areas than here. Furthermore local and regional development concepts are discussed which include a local horticulture industry, a regional botanic garden, medicinal plants production and a regional research centre. All these options are intended to give prospects for those people living in the National Park and those living in the developed world heavily depending on the bioresources of the lesser developed world though this relation is only occasionally realised as such. (Author)

Bishop, K, A Phillips, et al. (1995). “Protected forever - factors shaping the future of protected areas policy.” Land Use Policy 12(4): 291-305.

Protected areas - such as national parks and nature reserves - are a well-established tool of conservation policy, At least 24 separate types of protected areas exist in the UK, and more may be added, While protected areas must remain a central feature of international, national and local conservation effort, there are pressures for change and for reviewing the system of protected areas which we have inherited from the past. Any review should take into account some new thinking about the nature of protected area systems, There are five aspects in particular: new proposals for categorizing protected areas by the objectives of their management; the development of the concept of 'networks' of protected areas; the elaboration of a geographical hierarchy of protected areas; the converging policy objectives of different kinds of protected areas; and the broad objective of integrated management of human activities along substantial lines. (Author)