Nez Perce Case Study
Residential College, Social Sciences 460 and MENAS 491, Winter 2005
Professor Emerita, Ann E. Larimore
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---1796---Chief Lawyer born
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---1802---Smallpox epidemic among the Nez Perce
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---1805---Lewis and Clark:  first contact with Nez Perce
Captains William Clark and Meriwether Lewis:  Made contact with the Nez Perce in 1805, as they crossed over the Bitterroot Mountains.  It is believed that at that time only one person in the Nez Perce nation had seen a white person (Alcorn 1985:  13)
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---1834---Nez Perce meet party of Methodist missionaries
---1835---Parker and Whitman hold religious council, rendevous
---1836---Whitman heads back west:  Spaldings founded mission at Lapwal
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---1839---Chief Timothy and Chief Joseph baptized at and join the Missioin Church
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---1842---Whitman persuades Nez Perce to adopt a code of laws
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---1847---Whitman massacre
---1848---Cayuse War and the Nez Perce missions are suspended 14 years
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---1853---Joel Palmer inaugurates conferences to settle indians on reservations; Isaac I. Stevens becomes Governor of Washington and Superintendent of Indian Affairs
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---1855---The Walla Walla Council at Lapwal; Eagle-from-the-Light:  Nez Perce chief who attended Walla Walla council of 1855.
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---1859---U.S. Senate ratifies 1855 treaty
---1860---Nez Perce receive first payments and annuities of 1855 treaty; Indian Agent to the Nez Perce in 1860, who opposed the gold mining expeditions on Nez Perce land (Beal:  1963: 19).  E. R. Geary:  Superintendant of Indian Affairs (Beal 1963: 29).
---1861---Goldminers invade Indian territory.
---1862---Nez Perce mission reopens
---1863---Treaty of 1863; Treaty reduces size of reservation under 1855 treaty and the Nez Perce nation ends as Chief Lawyer is no longer head chief among the bands.
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---1868---Amendments added to 1863 Treaty
---1869---Act of Congress parcels out Indian reservations to different Christian denominations
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---1871---Old Joseph died
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---1874---Henry Spalding died
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---1876---Wilhautyan killed by two settlers
---1877---Nez Perce War begins; April 1st, nontreaty Indians must go to reservation.  War Battles:  Battle of White Bird Canyon, Battle of the Clearwater, Battle of Big Hole, Battle of Canyon Creek, Battle of Bearpaw Mountains, and surrendering of Nez Perce
---1878---Chief Joseph and his band are taken to Quapaw Reservation in Kansas
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---1884---Sen. Henry L. Dawes: supports moving Chief Joseph's band back to a mountain environment
---1885---Chief Joseph and his people return to Idaho, to Lapwal Reservation; Federal policy forbidding the use of any Indian language
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---1924---Indian Citizen Act, protects Indians under First Amendment
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---1926---Chief Joseph's Body is reburied in Wallowa
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---1974---Federal District Judge Boldt decision; Decision allows 50/50 fishing rights to Indian and non-Indians in Washington
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Much of North America, showing drainage and subnational boundaries (states and provinces) in subtle shades.  Lambert conformal conic projection shows true shape in small areas and presents a form of North America similar to what one would see on a globe.
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