Interleukins in GCF in Patients with Definitive Full Coverage Restorations

Studies have shown elevation of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid GCF) in patients with periodontal disease. Many local factors that may contribute to the elevation have been evaluated, one of which is the placement of fixed prosthodontic restorations. Margins may compromise the accessibility of oral hygiene and enhance plaque retention. Studies by Lindhe and Nyman on fixed partial dentures (FPD) demonstrated that when good oral hygiene is maintained, there will not be any significant periodontal changes around crowns. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of IL-1alpha and IL-8 in GCF in patients with definitive full coverage restorations under different periodontal conditions and crown margin placements. Methods: In an extension of clinical research from the previous pilot study (UDM IRB #0708-36) multiple GCF samples were taken from 10 study participants with definitive full coverage restorations with various crown margins (equalgingival and supragingival). The periodontal status of the volunteers ranged from health to generalized severe periodontitis. GCF was collected using Periopaper strips (OraFlow, Inc.) and GCF volume was measured using the Periotron 8000. Pocket depth and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at clinical examination. Interleukin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Results: Compared to controls of 72.2 +/- 14.6 pg/ml, the average IL-1alpha concentration in supragingival margin was 60.2 +/- 11.3 pg/ml and in equalgingival margin 122.2 +/- 26.4 pg/ml. Compared to controls of 97.6 +/- 33.2 pg/ml, the average IL-8 concentration in supragingival margin was 49.7 +/- 12.1 pg/ml and in equalgingival margin 120.8 +/- 29.5 pg/ml. Conclusions: Significant differences in GCF of IL-1 alpha and IL-8 concentrations were observed when comparing restorations with equalgingival and subgingival margins of fixed crown restorations. Gingival inflammation, as assessed by GCF IL-1alpha and IL-8 concentrations, may be dependent on periodontal condition as well as the restorations or margin placements.