Enhancing Causal Inference in Observational Studies
The five explanations when an association between coffee drinking and myocardial infarction (MI) is observed in a sample
PPT Slide
Strengthening the inference that an association has a cause-effect basis: ruling out spurious associations
Strengthening the inference that an association has a cause-effect basis: ruling out other real associations
Design phase strategies for coping with confounders: Specification
Design phase strategies for coping with confounders: Matching
Analysis phase strategies for coping with confounders: Stratification
Analysis phase strategies for coping with confounders: Statistical adjustment
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