Matthew D. Shapiro is Professor of Economics and Research Professor, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan.  He is a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Shapiro received B.A. and M.A. degrees from Yale in 1979 and a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in 1984.

Shapiro's general area of expertise is macroeconomics. He has carried out research on investment and capital utilization, business-cycle fluctuations, consumption and saving, financial markets, fiscal policy, monetary policy, time-series econometrics, economics of aging, economic measurement, and survey methodology. Among his current research interests are use of big data in economics; modeling saving, labor supply, retirement, health, insurance, and portfolio choices of older Americans; using surveys and administrative data to address questions in macroeconomics and individual decisionmaking; improving the quality of national economic statistics; and using naturally-occurring data such as account records, retail transactions, and social media to measure and understand economic activity.

Shapiro is a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. He has served as the chair of the Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee (FESAC)--the official advisory committee of the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis.Shapiro has served as chair of the American Economic Association Committee on Economic Statistics (AEAStat) and as a member of the National Academy of Science's Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) and its Panel on Non-Market Accounts.

During 1993-1994, Shapiro served as Senior Economist at the Council of Economic Advisers with responsibilities for macroeconomic analysis and the weekly economic briefing of the President. He was also a Junior Staff Economist at the Council during 1979-1980. Prior to joining the faculty of the University of Michigan in 1989, Shapiro was an Assistant Professor of Economics at Yale and a member of the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics. Shapiro was coeditor of the American Economic Review from 1997 to 1999 and editor of the American Economic Journal: Economic Policy from 2014 to 2019. He was Chair of the Department of Economics, University of Michigan, from 2003 to 2007, and Director of the Survey Research Center from 2019 to 2023.

Matthew D. Shapiro is married to Susan L. Garetz, M.D., Professor Emerita of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Professor Emerita of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School. They have two children.