.. _BGN:

BGN
^^^

.. contents::
   :local:

General Information
*******************

:Full gene name: biglycan
:Entrez Gene ID: 633
:Location: Xq28
:Synonyms: DSPG1, PG-S1, SLRR1A, PGI
:Type: protein-coding

User SNPs
*********

SNPs given by the user that are near or inside this gene: 

+-----------+---------------+------------+
|    SNP    | Distance (bp) | Direction  |
+===========+===============+============+
| rs3020789 |     117983    | downstream |
+-----------+---------------+------------+

.. _BGN Gene summary:

NCBI Summary
************

The protein encoded by this gene is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan that is closely related in structure to two other small proteoglycans, decorin and fibromodulin. The encoded protein and decorin are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. Decorin contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain, while this protein probably contains two chains. For this reason, this protein is called biglycan. This protein plays a role in assembly of collagen fibrils and muscle regeneration. It interacts with several proteins involved in muscular dystrophy, including alpha-dystroglycan, alpha- and gamma-sarcoglycan and collagen VI, and it is critical for the assembly of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

.. _OMIM ID 301870
                        : http://omim.org/entry/301870
                        

.. _BGN OMIM Text:

OMIM
****

:OMIM ID: `OMIM ID 301870
                        `_


.. _BGN Phenotype:

NCBI Phenotypes
***************

No phenotypes found linked to this gene.

.. _BGN GO Term:

Gene Ontology
*************

* extracellular matrix binding
* glycosaminoglycan binding
* extracellular matrix
* blood vessel remodeling
* cell surface
* sarcolemma
* biological_process
* extracellular matrix structural constituent
* proteinaceous extracellular matrix
* transport vesicle
* peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan

.. _BGN Pathway:

KEGG Pathways
*************

No pathways found linked to this gene.

.. _BGN GeneRIF:

GeneRIFs
********

* Biglycan impinges on the expression of total epidermal growth factor receptor and possibly, on the cell-surface expression of the receptors, playing a critical role in the regulation of chondrocyte and pericellular matrix homeostasis. [`PMID 20367117`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 11145944`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 11145944`_]
* intrinsic characteristics of the diabetic LDL other than apoCIII are responsible for further increased proteoglycan binding of diabetic LDL with high-endogenous apoCIII [`PMID 19502413`_]
* isoforms of biglycan have a smaller core protein substituted with smaller glycosaminoglycan chains, are N-glycosylated, which demonstrates that a lack in N-glycosylation is not the reason for a smaller core. [`PMID 12153565`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 11723132`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 11723132`_]
* Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that biglycan interacts with both the canonical Wnt ligand Wnt3a and the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), possibly via the formation of a trimeric complex. [`PMID 21969569`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 7793988`_]
* biglycan showed a unique ability to organize collagen VI into extensive hexagonal-like networks over a time period of only a few minutes [`PMID 12354766`_]
* Biglycan demonstrated distinctive localization relative to nodules within calcified aortic valves. [`PMID 21185747`_]
* expressed decreased in fetal growth restriction placentae [`PMID 20591478`_]
* decorin and biglycan are increased in DMD skeletal muscle and may have a role in muscle response to dystrophic cell damage [`PMID 16989735`_]
* Excess decorin, biglycan, and versican may be associated with the remodeling of other matrix components in myxomatous mitral valves. [`PMID 18621549`_]
* beta ig-h3 can differentially modulate the aggregation of collagen VI with biglycan and decorin [`PMID 16434404`_]
* BGN (hBgn) interacts with BMP4/BMP4. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human BGN and BMP4/BMP4 from an unspecified species. [`PMID 15775969`_]
* BGN (hBgn) interacts with an unspecified isoform of CHRD (Chd). This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between human BGN and CHRD from an unspecified species. [`PMID 15775969`_]
* Biglycan may be involved in vascular smooth muscle growth & migration through cdk2- & p27-dependent pathways. Changes in its expression may affect arterial susceptibility to vascular injury, & may play a direct role in pathogenesis of vascular lesions. [`PMID 15031262`_]
* study shows (1) a detailed description of ectopic ossification (EO) formed by Bgn, Fmod or combined depletion, (2) the role of exercise in modulating EO and (3) that Bgn and Fmod are critical in controlling motor function. [`PMID 19422643`_]
* Human biglycan in transgenic is a multifunctional extracellular protein that has a pivotal role in pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue and mediates cardioprotection. [`PMID 17269742`_]
* Biglycan is a positive modulator of BMP-2 induced osteoblast differentiation [`PMID 17120779`_]
* Data show that biglycan (BGN) induces of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) in aortic valve interstitial cells via stimulation of Toll-like receptor 2, so increased BGN in stenotic valves contributes to the production of PLTP via TLR 2. [`PMID 20382708`_]
* findings demonstrate that Akt is a downstream signalling component of TGF-beta-mediated biglycan core protein synthesis but not glycosaminoglycan chain hyperelongation in vascular smooth muscle [`PMID 21913799`_]
* Differential expression of 4 out of 5 genes related to estrogen metabolism and action (ESR1, ESR2, PGR and BGN) was confirmed in endometriosis. [`PMID 21397694`_]
* BGN expression is regulated by TGFbeta1 in pancreatic tumor cells and has a role in controlling cell growth [`PMID 12140283`_]
* evidence of an enhanced expression of BGN in essential hypertension [`PMID 19523462`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 12387878`_]
* regulation of gene expression by transforming growth factor-beta requires MKK6-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling downstream of Smad signaling [`PMID 12538652`_]
* mutations in biglycan are not a common cause of neuromuscular disorders in our cohort [`PMID 18602826`_]
* Data revealed a strong induction of several genes encoding components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagens, COMP, IGFBP5 and biglycan. [`PMID 21029365`_]
* Data suggest that the glycosaminoglycan chains of biglycan serve as inhibitors of elastin synthesis and assembly, and that biglycan can act as an important modulator of the composition of the extracellular matrix of blood vessels. [`PMID 18988796`_]
* Biglycan enhances ovalbumin-specific cross-priming by over 80% to histocompatibility class I-restricted T cells in both a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2- and TLR4-pathway-dependent manner in transgenic mice. [`PMID 22095710`_]
* Biglycan regulates assembly of intracellular components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. [`PMID 16807372`_]
* has two GAG chains and affinity to collagen [`PMID 11979972`_]
* TGF-beta induces biglycan expression through ALK5 and GADD45beta [`PMID 15546867`_]
* Adhesion and Rac1-dependent regulation of Adhesion and Rac1-dependent BGN gene expression by TGF-beta is thought to act through oxidative signaling through NADPH oxidase. [`PMID 16051607`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 12070165`_]
* Multiple core-protein species were detected for decorin, biglycan, lumican and keratocan in the degenerate osteoarthritic articular cartilage and menisci. [`PMID 18620607`_]
* Biglycan binds to alpha-dystroglycan and this binding requires the chondroitin sulfate side chains of biglycan. [`PMID 10684260`_]
* Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 10684260`_]
* Biglycan binds two integral membrane proteins, alpha- and gamma- sarcoglycan, expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. Genetic studies show that the biglycan regulates expression of these sarcoglycans in juvenile (<P21) mice. [`PMID 16883602`_]
* Biglycan is a ligand for two members of the sarcoglycan complex and regulates their expression at discrete developmental ages. [`PMID 16883602`_]
* Growth factor-mediated hyper-elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains on BGN requires transcription and translation. [`PMID 19580379`_]
* This study demonstrates that elevated expression of biglycan may play an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer, and could be further evaluated as a biomarker for predication of a poor clinical outcome. [`PMID 21998129`_]
* These findings suggested that biglycan is a novel tumor endothelial cell marker and a target for anti-angiogenic therapy [`PMID 22374465`_]
* Biglycan expression was very low in CLL patients and does not correlate with decorin mRNA transcription, suggesting that a Bcl-2 independent anti-cancer mechanism may occur. [`PMID 16938379`_]
* TGF-beta(1) stimulats human biglycan mRNA expression. [`PMID 15372625`_]
* Reconstituted Complex [`PMID 8093006`_]
* analysis of distribution patterns of decorin and biglycan and their relation with collagen [`PMID 17516017`_]
* Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [`PMID 19453261`_]
* Biglycan and decorin reduced the proliferation of pre-adipocytes, partly by induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative capabilities of decorin and biglycan were nullified with removal of GAG side-chains. [`PMID 21702857`_]
* biglycan in the umbilical cord vein wall is elevated in pre-eclampsia in comparison to the corresponding control vessels [`PMID 17097211`_]

.. _PMID 20367117: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20367117
.. _PMID 11145944: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11145944
.. _PMID 19502413: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502413
.. _PMID 12153565: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153565
.. _PMID 11723132: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11723132
.. _PMID 21969569: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969569
.. _PMID 7793988: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7793988
.. _PMID 12354766: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12354766
.. _PMID 21185747: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185747
.. _PMID 20591478: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591478
.. _PMID 16989735: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989735
.. _PMID 18621549: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621549
.. _PMID 16434404: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16434404
.. _PMID 15775969: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15775969
.. _PMID 15031262: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031262
.. _PMID 19422643: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19422643
.. _PMID 17269742: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17269742
.. _PMID 17120779: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17120779
.. _PMID 20382708: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382708
.. _PMID 21913799: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913799
.. _PMID 21397694: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21397694
.. _PMID 12140283: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140283
.. _PMID 19523462: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523462
.. _PMID 12387878: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12387878
.. _PMID 12538652: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12538652
.. _PMID 18602826: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18602826
.. _PMID 21029365: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029365
.. _PMID 18988796: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988796
.. _PMID 22095710: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22095710
.. _PMID 16807372: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16807372
.. _PMID 11979972: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11979972
.. _PMID 15546867: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546867
.. _PMID 16051607: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051607
.. _PMID 12070165: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12070165
.. _PMID 18620607: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18620607
.. _PMID 10684260: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10684260
.. _PMID 16883602: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16883602
.. _PMID 19580379: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19580379
.. _PMID 21998129: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998129
.. _PMID 22374465: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374465
.. _PMID 16938379: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16938379
.. _PMID 15372625: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15372625
.. _PMID 8093006: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8093006
.. _PMID 17516017: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17516017
.. _PMID 19453261: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19453261
.. _PMID 21702857: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702857
.. _PMID 17097211: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17097211

.. _BGN Pubmed:

PubMed Articles
***************

*Recent articles:*

* Yamamoto K et al. "Biglycan is a specific marker and an autocrine angiogenic factor of tumour endothelial cells." Br J Cancer. 2012 Mar 13;106(6):1214-23. `PMID 22374465`_
* Popovic ZV et al. "The proteoglycan biglycan enhances antigen-specific T cell activation potentially via MyD88 and TRIF pathways and triggers autoimmune perimyocarditis." J Immunol. 2011 Dec 15;187(12):6217-26. `PMID 22095710`_
* Wang B et al. "Biglycan expression correlates with aggressiveness and poor prognosis of gastric cancer." Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2011 Nov 1;236(11):1247-53. `PMID 21998129`_
* Berendsen AD et al. "Modulation of canonical Wnt signaling by the extracellular matrix component biglycan." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 11;108(41):17022-7. `PMID 21969569`_
* Osman N et al. "TGF-β stimulates biglycan core protein synthesis but not glycosaminoglycan chain elongation via Akt phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle." Growth Factors. 2011 Oct;29(5):203-10. `PMID 21913799`_
* Lecca MR et al. "Fibrotic response in fibroblasts from congenital disorders of glycosylation." J Cell Mol Med. 2011 Aug;15(8):1788-96. `PMID 21029365`_
* Ward M et al. "Regulation of pre-adipocyte proliferation and apoptosis by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin." Cell Prolif. 2011 Aug;44(4):343-51. `PMID 21702857`_
* Vouk K et al. "Novel estrogen-related genes and potential biomarkers of ovarian endometriosis identified by differential expression analysis." J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011 Jul;125(3-5):231-42. `PMID 21397694`_
* Stephens EH et al. "Differential proteoglycan and hyaluronan distribution in calcified aortic valves." Cardiovasc Pathol. 2011 Nov-Dec;20(6):334-42. `PMID 21185747`_
* Murthi P et al. "Placental biglycan expression is decreased in human idiopathic fetal growth restriction." Placenta. 2010 Aug;31(8):712-7. `PMID 20591478`_

.. _PMID 21998129: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998129
.. _PMID 22374465: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374465
.. _PMID 21029365: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029365
.. _PMID 21969569: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969569
.. _PMID 22095710: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22095710
.. _PMID 21185747: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185747
.. _PMID 21913799: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913799
.. _PMID 20591478: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591478
.. _PMID 21397694: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21397694
.. _PMID 21702857: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702857

*Top Pubmed articles linked to gene BGN matching any search term:* 

* Osman N et al. "TGF-β stimulates biglycan core protein synthesis but not glycosaminoglycan chain elongation via Akt phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle." Growth Factors. 2011 Oct;29(5):203-10. `PMID 21913799`_
* Lecca MR et al. "Fibrotic response in fibroblasts from congenital disorders of glycosylation." J Cell Mol Med. 2011 Aug;15(8):1788-96. `PMID 21029365`_
* Moreth K et al. "The proteoglycan biglycan regulates expression of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 and aggravates murine lupus nephritis." J Clin Invest. 2010 Dec;120(12):4251-72. `PMID 21084753`_
* Getachew R et al. "PDGF beta-receptor kinase activity and ERK1/2 mediate glycosaminoglycan elongation on biglycan and increases binding to LDL." Endocrinology. 2010 Sep;151(9):4356-67. `PMID 20610572`_
* Burch ML et al. "TGF-beta stimulates biglycan synthesis via p38 and ERK phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad2." Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 Jun;67(12):2077-90. `PMID 20213272`_
* Wang S et al. "Recipient Toll-like receptors contribute to chronic graft dysfunction by both MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling." Dis Model Mech. 2010 Jan-Feb;3(1-2):92-103. `PMID 20038715`_
* Hiukka A et al. "ApoCIII-enriched LDL in type 2 diabetes displays altered lipid composition, increased susceptibility for sphingomyelinase, and increased binding to biglycan." Diabetes. 2009 Sep;58(9):2018-26. `PMID 19502413`_
* Yang SN et al. "Growth factor-mediated hyper-elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains on biglycan requires transcription and translation." Arch Physiol Biochem. 2009 Jul;115(3):147-54. `PMID 19580379`_
* Little PJ et al. "Hyperelongated biglycan: the surreptitious initiator of atherosclerosis." Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008 Oct;19(5):448-54. `PMID 18769225`_
* Giachini FR et al. "Maternal diabetes affects specific extracellular matrix components during placentation." J Anat. 2008 Jan;212(1):31-41. `PMID 18067546`_
* Leivo I et al. "Characterization of gene expression in major types of salivary gland carcinomas with epithelial differentiation." Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2005 Jan 15;156(2):104-13. `PMID 15642389`_

.. _PMID 19580379: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19580379
.. _PMID 19502413: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502413
.. _PMID 21029365: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029365
.. _PMID 21084753: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21084753
.. _PMID 21913799: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913799
.. _PMID 18769225: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769225
.. _PMID 18067546: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067546
.. _PMID 20038715: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20038715
.. _PMID 20213272: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20213272
.. _PMID 15642389: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642389
.. _PMID 20610572: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20610572