.. _NUCB2:

NUCB2
^^^^^

.. contents::
   :local:

General Information
*******************

:Full gene name: nucleobindin 2
:Entrez Gene ID: 4925
:Location: 11p15.1
:Synonyms: NEFA
:Type: protein-coding

User SNPs
*********

SNPs given by the user that are near or inside this gene: 

+--------+---------------+------------+
|  SNP   | Distance (bp) | Direction  |
+========+===============+============+
| rs5215 |     55560     | downstream |
+--------+---------------+------------+

.. _NUCB2 Gene summary:

NCBI Summary
************

This gene encodes a protein with a suggested role in calcium level maintenance, eating regulation in the hypothalamus, and release of tumor necrosis factor from vascular endothelial cells. This protein binds calcium and has EF-folding domains. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

.. _OMIM ID 608020
                        : http://omim.org/entry/608020
                        

.. _NUCB2 OMIM Text:

OMIM
****

:OMIM ID: `OMIM ID 608020
                        `_


.. _NUCB2 Phenotype:

NCBI Phenotypes
***************

No phenotypes found linked to this gene.

.. _NUCB2 GO Term:

Gene Ontology
*************

* calcium ion binding
* endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
* Golgi apparatus
* extracellular space
* cytosol
* protein binding
* DNA binding
* plasma membrane

.. _NUCB2 Pathway:

KEGG Pathways
*************

No pathways found linked to this gene.

.. _NUCB2 GeneRIF:

GeneRIFs
********

* Two-hybrid [`PMID 15604093`_]
* polymorphisms in the NUCB2 gene could play an important role in the protection against the development of obesity in male subjects [`PMID 21459029`_]
* Apelins and nesfatin-1 concentrations were higher in mature milk than in colostrum (P<0.05). The concentration of apelins, ghrelins and nesfatin-1 in serum and milk in gestational diabetic lactating women was lower than in control samples [`PMID 20813143`_]
* Plasma nesfatin-1 concentrations were found to be elevated in subjects with both impaired \ ``glucose``\  tolerance and newly diagnosed T2 \ ``diabetes``\  mellitus. [`PMID 22020667`_]
* structural basis for the properties of Calnuc and NUCB2 binding to Galpha subunits and its regulation by calcium ions. [`PMID 21653697`_]
* Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [`PMID 19913121`_]
* nesfatin-1 levels did not differ between hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects and negatively correlated with protein intake [`PMID 22036920`_]
* Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) [`PMID 20628086`_]
* Increased serum prolactin and nesfatin-1 concentrations, decreased ghrelin concentrations could be used as markers to identify patients that have suffered a recent epileptic seizure or other paroxysmal event (psychogenic). [`PMID 21554911`_]
* nucb2 is the direct target gene of AML1 and AML1-ETO, the transcription regulation of AML1, AML1-ETO on nucb2 is carried out via repressing its promoter activity. [`PMID 20030931`_]
* Data report that nesfatin-1 is a novel depot specific adipokine preferentially produced by sc tissue, with obesity- and food deprivation-regulated expression. [`PMID 20427481`_]
* NUCB2 may be implicated in gastric secretion by establishing an agonist-releasable Ca2+ store in ER or Golgi apparatus, signalling via heterotrimeric Galpha proteins and/or mediating the exocytosis of the secretory granules. [`PMID 19351608`_]
* Affinity Capture-MS [`PMID 21890473`_]
* NUCB2 may operate directly at the testicular level to link energy homeostasis, puberty onset, and gonadal function [`PMID 22334726`_]
* High NUCB2 is associated with recurrence and metastasis in breast carcinoma. [`PMID 21988594`_]
* Two-hybrid [`PMID 12909641`_]
* NUCB2-ARTS-1 complexes play an important role in mediating tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 release to the extracellular compartment. [`PMID 16407280`_]
* Calcium-dependent ARTS-1-nucleobindin 2 complexes associate with TNFR1 prior to the commitment of TNFR1 to pathways that result in the constitutive release of TNFR1 exosome-like vesicles or the inducible proteolytic cleavage of TNFR1 ectodomains. [`PMID 16407280`_]
* results suggest that the functions of nucleobindins could be modulated by caspase-mediated cleavage in apoptosis [`PMID 18154733`_]
* Potential weight-reducing actions of nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 treatment. [`PMID 21252251`_]
* low ghrelin and especially the dramatically elevated nesfatin-1 levels might contribute to the pathophyisology of epilepsy[Nesfatin-1] [`PMID 19262995`_]
* Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid [`PMID 10915798`_]
* lack of nesfatin-1 response to the exercise protocols may be partially due to the fasting condition [`PMID 20625762`_]
* The release of NUCB2 from isolated islets was significantly elevated following \ ``glucose``\  challenge. [`PMID 20032201`_]
* Human islet NUCB2 mRNA was reduced in T2D subjects but upregulated after culture in glucolipotoxic conditions. Furthermore, a positive correlation between NUCB2 and glucagon and \ ``insulin``\  gene expression, as well as \ ``insulin``\  secretory capacity, was evident. [`PMID 22108805`_]

.. _PMID 15604093: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604093
.. _PMID 21459029: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459029
.. _PMID 20813143: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813143
.. _PMID 22020667: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020667
.. _PMID 21653697: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653697
.. _PMID 19913121: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913121
.. _PMID 22036920: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036920
.. _PMID 20628086: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628086
.. _PMID 21554911: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554911
.. _PMID 20030931: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20030931
.. _PMID 20427481: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427481
.. _PMID 19351608: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19351608
.. _PMID 21890473: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890473
.. _PMID 22334726: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22334726
.. _PMID 21988594: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21988594
.. _PMID 12909641: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12909641
.. _PMID 16407280: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407280
.. _PMID 18154733: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18154733
.. _PMID 21252251: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252251
.. _PMID 19262995: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262995
.. _PMID 10915798: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915798
.. _PMID 20625762: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625762
.. _PMID 20032201: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032201
.. _PMID 22108805: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108805

.. _NUCB2 Pubmed:

PubMed Articles
***************

*Recent articles:*

* García-Galiano D et al. "Cellular distribution, regulated expression, and functional role of the anorexigenic peptide, NUCB2/nesfatin-1, in the testis." Endocrinology. 2012 Apr;153(4):1959-71. `PMID 22334726`_
* Zhang Z et al. "Increased plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus." Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2012 Feb;120(2):91-5. `PMID 22020667`_
* Saldanha JF et al. "The newly identified anorexigenic adipokine nesfatin-1 in hemodialysis patients: Are there associations with food intake, body composition and inflammation?." Regul Pept. 2012 Jan 10;173(1-3):82-5. `PMID 22036920`_
* Suzuki S et al. "Nucleobindin 2 in human breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic factor." Cancer Sci. 2012 Jan;103(1):136-43. `PMID 21988594`_
* Riva M et al. "Nesfatin-1 stimulates glucagon and insulin secretion and beta cell NUCB2 is reduced in human type 2 diabetic subjects." Cell Tissue Res. 2011 Dec;346(3):393-405. `PMID 22108805`_
* Wagner SA et al. "A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles." Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Oct;10(10):M111.013284. `PMID 21890473`_
* Garcia-Marcos M et al. "G Protein binding sites on Calnuc (nucleobindin 1) and NUCB2 (nucleobindin 2) define a new class of G(alpha)i-regulatory motifs." J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 12;286(32):28138-49. `PMID 21653697`_
* Zegers D et al. "Association between polymorphisms of the Nesfatin gene, NUCB2, and obesity in men." Mol Genet Metab. 2011 Jul;103(3):282-6. `PMID 21459029`_
* Aydin S et al. "Time-dependent changes in the serum levels of prolactin, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin as a marker of epileptic attacks young male patients." Peptides. 2011 Jun;32(6):1276-80. `PMID 21554911`_
* Tan BK et al. "Decreased cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratio of the novel satiety molecule, nesfatin-1/NUCB-2, in obese humans: evidence of nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 resistance and implications for obesity treatment." J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;96(4):E669-73. `PMID 21252251`_

.. _PMID 21890473: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890473
.. _PMID 22334726: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22334726
.. _PMID 21988594: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21988594
.. _PMID 21252251: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252251
.. _PMID 21459029: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459029
.. _PMID 22020667: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020667
.. _PMID 21653697: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653697
.. _PMID 21554911: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554911
.. _PMID 22108805: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108805
.. _PMID 22036920: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036920

*Top Pubmed articles linked to gene NUCB2 matching any search term:* 

* Butler AA et al. "More News About NUCB2/Nesfatin-1: A New Factor in the Hypothalamic Control of Glucose Homeostasis?." Diabetes. 2012 Aug;61(8):1920-2. `PMID 22826310`_
* Gonzalez R et al. "Nucleobindins: bioactive precursor proteins encoding putative endocrine factors?." Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2012 May 1;176(3):341-6. `PMID 22154814`_
* Mohan H et al. "Ontogenic pattern of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 expression in the gastroenteropancreatic tissues and serum of Sprague Dawley rats." Regul Pept. 2012 Apr 10;175(1-3):61-9. `PMID 22387700`_
* Zhang Z et al. "Increased plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus." Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2012 Feb;120(2):91-5. `PMID 22020667`_
* Riva M et al. "Nesfatin-1 stimulates glucagon and insulin secretion and beta cell NUCB2 is reduced in human type 2 diabetic subjects." Cell Tissue Res. 2011 Dec;346(3):393-405. `PMID 22108805`_
* Stengel A et al. "Minireview: nesfatin-1--an emerging new player in the brain-gut, endocrine, and metabolic axis." Endocrinology. 2011 Nov;152(11):4033-8. `PMID 21862618`_
* Tan BK et al. "Decreased cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratio of the novel satiety molecule, nesfatin-1/NUCB-2, in obese humans: evidence of nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 resistance and implications for obesity treatment." J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;96(4):E669-73. `PMID 21252251`_
* Gonzalez R et al. "Nesfatin-1 exerts a direct, glucose-dependent insulinotropic action on mouse islet β- and MIN6 cells." J Endocrinol. 2011 Mar;208(3):R9-R16. `PMID 21224288`_
* Nakata M et al. "Nesfatin-1 enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion by promoting Ca(2+) influx through L-type channels in mouse islet β-cells." Endocr J. 2011;58(4):305-13. `PMID 21325742`_
* Aydin S et al. "The presence of the peptides apelin, ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in the human breast milk, and the lowering of their levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus." Peptides. 2010 Dec;31(12):2236-40. `PMID 20813143`_
* Ghanbari-Niaki A et al. "Plasma nesfatin-1 and glucoregulatory hormone responses to two different anaerobic exercise sessions." Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Nov;110(4):863-8. `PMID 20625762`_
* Bailey SD et al. "Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study." Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct;33(10):2250-3. `PMID 20628086`_
* Stengel A et al. "Nesfatin-1--role as possible new potent regulator of food intake." Regul Pept. 2010 Aug 9;163(1-3):18-23. `PMID 20580651`_
* Ramanjaneya M et al. "Identification of nesfatin-1 in human and murine adipose tissue: a novel depot-specific adipokine with increased levels in obesity." Endocrinology. 2010 Jul;151(7):3169-80. `PMID 20427481`_
* Yamada M et al. "Troglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma}, stabilizes NUCB2 (Nesfatin) mRNA by activating the ERK1/2 pathway: isolation and characterization of the human NUCB2 gene." Endocrinology. 2010 Jun;151(6):2494-503. `PMID 20427483`_
* Foo KS et al. "Nucleobindin-2/nesfatin in the endocrine pancreas: distribution and relationship to glycaemic state." J Endocrinol. 2010 Mar;204(3):255-63. `PMID 20032201`_

.. _PMID 21862618: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21862618
.. _PMID 20813143: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813143
.. _PMID 21252251: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252251
.. _PMID 22154814: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22154814
.. _PMID 22020667: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020667
.. _PMID 20580651: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580651
.. _PMID 20628086: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628086
.. _PMID 21224288: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224288
.. _PMID 20625762: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625762
.. _PMID 20032201: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032201
.. _PMID 20427481: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427481
.. _PMID 22826310: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22826310
.. _PMID 22108805: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108805
.. _PMID 20427483: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427483
.. _PMID 21325742: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21325742
.. _PMID 22387700: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22387700