HMGA2

General Information

Full gene name:high mobility group AT-hook 2 Entrez Gene ID:8091 Location:12q15 Synonyms:STQTL9, HMGI-C, BABL, LIPO, HMGIC Type:protein-coding

User SNPs

SNPs given by the user that are near or inside this gene:

SNP	Distance (bp)	Direction
rs1531343	43346	upstream

NCBI Summary

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein family. HMG proteins function as architectural factors and are essential components of the enhancesome. This protein contains structural DNA-binding domains and may act as a transcriptional regulating factor. Identification of the deletion, amplification, and rearrangement of this gene that are associated with myxoid liposarcoma suggests a role in adipogenesis and mesenchymal differentiation. A gene knock out study of the mouse counterpart demonstrated that this gene is involved in diet-induced obesity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

OMIM

OMIM ID:`OMIM ID 600698 `_

NCBI Phenotypes

• Gene Reviews
• A genome-wide association study for diabetic nephropathy genes in African Americans.
• Identification of common variants associated with human hippocampal and intracranial volumes.
• Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis.
• Genome-wide association study identifies four loci associated with eruption of permanent teeth.
• Leiomyoma, uterine
• Genetic variants associated with cardiac structure and function: a meta-analysis and replication of genome-wide association data.
• OMIM
• A common variant of HMGA2 is associated with adult and childhood height in the general population.
• Genome-wide association study reveals multiple loci associated with primary tooth development during infancy.
• GTR
• Identification, replication, and fine-mapping of Loci associated with adult height in individuals of african ancestry.
• Genome-wide association study of body height in African Americans: the Women’s Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe).
• Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans for human adult stature identifies novel Loci and associations with measures of skeletal frame size.
• Genome-wide association study of height and body mass index in Australian twin families.
• Genome-wide association analysis identifies 20 loci that influence adult height.
• Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth.
• NHGRI GWA Catalog
• Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height.
• Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference.

Gene Ontology

• response to virus
• male gonad development
• positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
• DNA binding
• oncogene-induced senescence
• positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus
• regulation of cell cycle process
• AT DNA binding
• SMAD protein complex
• regulation of stem cell maintenance
• C2H2 zinc finger domain binding
• negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
• base-excision repair
• positive regulation of stem cell proliferation
• regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
• DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage
• positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
• negative regulation of retroviral genome replication
• chondrocyte proliferation
• fat pad development
• core promoter binding
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
• mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
• chondrocyte differentiation
• RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
• cell division
• protein binding
• positive regulation of apoptotic process
• protein binding transcription factor activity
• senescence-associated heterochromatin focus assembly
• MH2 domain binding
• regulation of growth hormone secretion
• heterochromatin assembly
• nucleosomal DNA binding
• cell proliferation in forebrain
• adrenal gland development
• histone H2A-S139 phosphorylation
• spermatogenesis
• mesenchymal cell differentiation
• nucleus
• RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
• multicellular organismal development
• negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
• pituitary gland development
• senescence-associated heterochromatin focus
• 5’-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity
• nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
• fat cell differentiation
• endodermal cell differentiation
• chromatin organization
• epithelial to mesenchymal transition
• protein-DNA complex
• SMAD binding
• MH1 domain binding
• mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling
• regulation of cellular response to drug
• positive regulation of cellular senescence
• mesodermal cell differentiation
• positive regulation of gene expression
• regulatory region DNA binding
• chromosome condensation
• negative regulation by host of viral transcription
• negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation
• transcription factor binding
• positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
• negative regulation of DNA binding
• chromosome breakage
• DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity
• cAMP response element binding
• stem cell differentiation
• somatic stem cell maintenance
• mitosis
• positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
• DNA-dependent protein kinase activity
• nuclear chromosome
• DNA binding, bending
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
• positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray
• negative regulation of apoptotic process

KEGG Pathways

• Transcriptional misregulation in cancer

GeneRIFs

• HMGA2 rearrangements in mass-forming endometriosis are reported. [PMID 20461755]
• mapped in vivo phosphorylation sites of HMGA2; demonstrated that, similarly to the HMGA1 proteins, it is highly phosphorylated on the acidic C-terminal tail and that these modifications affect its DNA binding properties [PMID 19317492]
• Let-7 repression leads to HMGA2 overexpression in uterine leiomyosarcoma [PMID 19602040]
• Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20628086]
• Geme ay be involved in growtwh of tumors. [PMID 15618962]
• Abnormalities of HMGA2 play an important and previously unsuspected role in myelodysplasia. [PMID 15618963]
• Ressults showed a novel role for HMGA2 to interfere with NHEJ processes, implicating HMGA2 in the promotion of genome instability and tumorigenesis. [PMID 19549901]
• inhibition of let-7 microRNA expression may participate in the deregulation of HMGA2 in adipocytic tumors. [PMID 21412931]
• t(12;13)(q14;q31) leading to HMGA2 upregulation in acute myeloid leukaemia. [PMID 22404713]
• Results support a model in which the expression of the wild-type HMGA allele is critical for the pathogenesis of mesenchymal tumors and in which rearrangements of HMGA do not lead to a gain of function in the chimeric HMGA protein [PMID 12781451]
• Data show that HMGA2 mRNA expression can be performed on cytologic smears and demonstrates a high specificity and positive predictive value and relatively high sensitivity for detecting malignancy in "suspicious" thyroid aspirate specimens. [PMID 20597139]
• The 6 cases studied confirm the association between severe growth retardation and loss of HMGA2 [PMID 21267005]
• HMGA2 was amplified and rearranged in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas [PMID 18214854]
• Meta-analysis and genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 19584346]
• Importance of HMGA2 in reversibly maintaining mitotic activities and epithelial-mesenchymal transition suggests importance as a potential target in pancreatic cancer. [PMID 19179606]
• HMGA2, although obviously contributes to invasion, is not a specific marker for the detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. [PMID 16077985]
• These studies validate the observation that HMGA2 plays a prominent role in governing genotoxic responses. [PMID 17222355]
• fragments containing HMGA2 binding sites have been analyzed for their AT-content, location in the human genome and similarities to sequences generated by a SELEX study [PMID 21533145]
• HMGA2 cooperates with the TGF-beta/Smad pathway in regulating SNAIL1 gene expression. [PMID 18832382]
• Expression of HMGA2 represents an early event during cancer progression. [PMID 17957144]
• HMGA2 promoter is coregulated by a polymorphic dinucleotide (TC)-repeat [PMID 12569368]
• HMGA2 has a role in chronic myelogenous leukemia [comment] [PMID 17917958]
• Endogenous HMGA2 mediates Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by TGF-beta, whereas ectopic HMGA2 causes irreversible EMT characterized by severe E-cadherin suppression. [PMID 16831886]
• The expression of short HMGA2 with latent exon was significantly high in peripheral blood cells from paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria patients. Over-expression of truncated hHMGA2 in mouse bone marrow cells caused expansion in recipient mice. [PMID 22017592]
• General structure of the fusion gene is similar to other previously described HMGA2 fusions, its biologic activity is predicted to be likely similar in uterine leiomyoma. [PMID 20804914]
• results identify HMGA2 and MDM2 as amplification targets in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands [PMID 18828159]
• HMGA2 rearrangement and HMGA2 protein overexpression may be associated with the tumorigenesis of odontogenic myxomas/myxofibromas, similar to the case for many other benign mesenchymal tumors. [PMID 20946527]
• overexpression of HMGA2, compared to adjacent mucosa, is not consistent among colon carcinomas [PMID 22593436]
• it is reported that chromosomal translocations previously associated with human tumors disrupt repression of Hmga2 by let-7 miRNA [PMID 17322030]
• High expression of HMGA2 in gastric cancer correlates with tumor invasiveness and is an independent prognostic factor. [PMID 18413822]
• Data found that HMGA2, along with a dozen of other genes, was co-repressed by ZBRK1, BRCA1, and CtIP. [PMID 20007691]
• Polymorphisms in the LIG4, BTBD2, HMGA2, and RTEL1 genes, which are involved in the double-strand break repair pathway, are associated with glioblastoma multiforme survival. [PMID 20368557]
• This study provides the first report of a deletion in the HMGA2 gene that might be related to isolated growth hormone deficiency [PMID 21803798]
• the different profiles of HMGA2 protein expression in post-pubertal testicular tumours could represent a valuable diagnostic tool in some cases in which the histological differential diagnosis is problematic [PMID 17935122]
• HMGA2 overexpression is associated with polycythemia vera [PMID 17854665]
• HMGA2-LPP fusion promotes chondrogenesis by upregulating cartilage-specific collagen gene expression through the N-terminal DNA binding domains. [PMID 16375854]
• Reconstituted Complex [PMID 12693954]
• Far Western; Reconstituted Complex [PMID 12693954]
• High HMGA2 is associated with uterine leiomyomas. [PMID 20544840]
• The overexpressions of high-mobility group A1, high-mobility group A2, and down-regulation of let-7 may be associated with tumorigenesis and progression of retinoblastomas. [PMID 20004941]
• A study of HMGA2 expression in a variety of adipocytic tumors showed aberrant expression in lipomas with 12q13-15 aberrations and ring chromosomes as well as in ALTs and well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLSs) [PMID 22137485]
• loss of let-7 expression induces high-mobility group A2 upregulation that represents an important mechanism in pituitary tumorigenesis and progression. [PMID 19136928]
• role of HMGA2 in regulating human linear growth; evidence that a heterozygous deletion of HMGA2 is causing the growth failure [PMID 19298872]
• establish HMGA2 as a regulator of human genes linked to mesenchymal cell differentiation, adipogenesis, and human embryonic stem cell growth [PMID 17624332]
• The HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) quantitations by real-time RT-PCR are associated with Dukes staging and metastasis; hence, the gene expression levels may be useful in clinical practice. [PMID 19609535]
• Ectopic expression of let-7 miRNA reduced HMGA2 and cell proliferation in a lung cancer cell. [PMID 17437991]
• Our study has demonstrated the HMGA2 expression in a large cohort of primary retinoblastoma tumors and its correlation with invasiveness. [PMID 19262251]
• Affinity Capture-MS [PMID 21907836]
• Genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 18193045]
• Histone deacetylase inhibition is associated with transcriptional repression of the Hmga2 gene. [PMID 12799440]
• HMGA2 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Lymphangiomyomatosis. [PMID 17332316]
• Active expression of HMGA2 found in serous carcinoma of ovarian epithelial cells. [PMID 16222997]
• HMGA2 overexpression is associated with non-small cell lung cancer [PMID 17477356]
• Immunohistochemical analysis using HMGA2-specific antibodies further demonstrated the elevated levels of HMGA2 protein in most of the malignant tumors compared with benign subtypes. [PMID 18784955]
• BMP4 acts in part by activating HMGA2 making this architectural transcription factor one of the major downstream players. [PMID 22019704]
• the overexpression of HMGA2 promotes functional telomerase activity. [PMID 21536653]
• HMGA2 associates with the E1A-regulated transcriptional repressor p120(E4F), interfering with p120(E4F) binding to the cyclin A promoter. [PMID 14645522]
• Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20610542]
• HMGA2 is a sensitive but not specific immunohistochemical marker of vulvovaginal aggressive angiomyxoma. [PMID 20551826]
• HMGA2 overexpression is associated with aggressiveness of oral carcinoma [PMID 15026339]
• Findings show that HMGA2 overexpression confers a powerful oncogenic signal in ovarian cancers through the modulation of EMT genes. [PMID 21224353]
• p14(Arf) and HMGA2 seem to play a pivotal role in controlling the growth of fibroid cells. [PMID 21498692]
• This study provides evidence that HMGA2 is universally expressed in advanced-stage ovarian serous carcinoma irrespective of anatomic site [PMID 22476403]
• HMGA2 is an oncogene important in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer [PMID 18505920]
• HMGIC alterations in smooth muscle tumors of soft tissues and other sites [PMID 12419585]
• HMGA2 is useful for the diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma, nodular fasciitis and vulvovaginal benign mesenchymal tumors. [PMID 20834238]
• HMGA2 may be of value in problematic uterine carcinomas where the differential diagnosis includes serous and endometrioid carcinoma. As [PMID 22250726]
• SNP genotyping of a sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma reveals high aneuploid profile and a specific HMGA2 amplification. [PMID 19454362]
• HMGA2 overexpression in acute aortic dissection occurs in a let-7d-independent manner and is associated with EndMT of the vasa vasorum. [PMID 21692035]
• HMGA2 was expressed in 4 of six soft tissue chondromas, all displaying 12q-rearrangements at cytogenetic analysis. [PMID 14614053]
• Translocation in chromosome 3 and 12 involves fusion of this protein with LPP protein in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. [PMID 16271958]
• Malignant thyroid tumors express HMGA2 up to 400-fold more than benign tumors. Sensitivity 96%, Specificity 94%. [PMID 17943974]
• HMGA2 stand-alone marker expression has a high potential to improve diagnoses of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. [PMID 17943974]
• Affinity Capture-Western [PMID 18425117]
• Affinity Capture-Western [PMID 18425117]
• Affinity Capture-Western [PMID 18425117]
• The diagnostic usefulness of HMGA2 rearrangements to differentiate between AAM and other tumors of the lower genital tract may be limited due to the their low frequency [PMID 17654722]
• The HMGA2 gene is an architectural transcription factor involved in the etiology of many benign mesenchymal tumors and its relevance in development of sporadic lipomas is well documented. [PMID 19215040]
• Pathogenetically significant event is fusion, truncation or transcriptional activation of HMGA2 contributes to lipoma development. [PMID 16276091]
• HMGA2 expression is required in normal adult myometrial physiology. [PMID 12874787]
• Dysregulation and overexpression of HMGA2 in myeloid progenitors contribute to the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. [PMID 14603445]
• Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-gene interaction, and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20889853]
• data support the quantitative RT-PCR analysis of HMGA2 expression, rather than immunohistochemistry, as a powerful tool for the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasias. [PMID 18375116]
• HMGA2 protein expression was significantly higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma than that in normal adjacent tissues, and may be negatively regulated by let-7 at the post- transcriptional level in ESCC. [PMID 21598109]
• differences in the expression of the high mobility group protein HMGA2 can be seen when comparing uterine fibroids of different genetic subtypes. [PMID 20804922]
• Let-7-mediated repression of HMGA2 mechanism can be an important molecular event in leiomyoma growth. [PMID 18403645]
• Data suggest that HMGA2 may potentially serve as a biomarker for predicting aggressive CRC with poor survivability and as an indicator for better response of radiotherapy. [PMID 21252160]
• identified miR-196b as a candidate microRNA that could contribute to SNP-specific expression of HMGA2 during human prenatal development. [PMID 20058197]
• Our findings suggest that HMGA2 is an important molecular change significantly related to high-grade papillary serous carcinoma and is less common in other histological types of ovarian cancer. [PMID 20228781]
• findings indicate upregulation of HMGA2 in leiomyomas regardless of presence of 12q14-15 aberration; overexpression of HMGA2 suggests a general role of HMGA2 in development of the disease [PMID 18980243]
• maintains neural stem cell function in young mice through repression of the Ink4a/Arf locus [PMID 18983959]
• It could not be confirmed that a significant association between SNP rs1042725 in HMGA2 and adult height, another SNP, rs7968902, in the gene achieved significance for its association in the same populations; this effect has been documented previously. [PMID 21769890]
• HMGA proteins are overexpressed in different tumors and the HMGA genes are often involved in chromosomal rearrangements [review] [PMID 18202751]
• a role for HMGA2 in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and suggest that it could be a useful biomarker and rational therapeutic target in more advanced disease. [PMID 18843278]
• Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid [PMID 11390395]
• Enhanced cytotoxicity by double-strand breaks in HMGA2-expressing cells is mediated, at least in part, through the signaling pathway of which the physiologic function is to maintain genome integrity. [PMID 16061642]
• These analyses suggest a novel association between a common genetic variant in HMGA2 and trabecular bone mineral density in ethnically diverse older men. [PMID 19376282]
• assessed genetic liability for uterine leiomyomata by a known embryonic proliferation modulator, HMGA2, in 248 families ascertained through medical record-confirmed affected sister-pairs [PMID 19132395]
• findings suggest that amplification and overexpression of HMGIC and possibly MDM2 might be important genetic events that may contribute to malignant transformation of benign pleomorphic adenoma [PMID 11839563]
• HMGA2-dependent tumorigenesis is caused by a disturbed equilibrium in the co-expression of the HMGA2 splice variants leading to aberrant cell proliferation and/or malignant transformation of cells. [PMID 15882911]
• HMGA2 gene is overexpressed in pituitary adenomas and thus plays a role in pituitary oncogenesis [PMID 16322327]
• we propose that an increased expression level of the HMGA2 protein is closely associated with the malignant phenotype in the pancreatic exocrine system. [PMID 14647145]
• Expression of the HMGA2-LPP fusion transcript in only 1 of 61 karyotypically normal pulmonary chondroid hamartomas. [PMID 12505264]
• A common polymorphism in the HMGA2 gene is not only associated with height variation in the general population but also plays an important role in one of the extremes of the height distribution. [PMID 21921580]
• HMGA2 interacts with nucleosomes in a way that imposes a global effect on the state of ES cell chromatin, which may contribute to the establishment of both ES cell identity and the initiation of specific differentiation programs. [PMID 17078040]
• Our study supports further the contribution of HMGA2 to height variability in European populations [PMID 19139030]
• Authors found a linear relationship between the expression of FGF2 and the level of HMGA2 overexpression as well as the tumor size, and that stimulation of myometrial tissue by a strong inducer of HMGA2, leads to an increase of FGF2 expression. [PMID 20926602]
• Fusion transcripts involving HMGA2 are not a common molecular mechanism in uterine leiomyomata with rearrangements in 12q15. [PMID 12649198]
• Seventy adipocytic tumors were analyzed by qRT-PCR to study the expression status of HMGA2. Type (full-length or truncated) and level of expression varied with morphology and karyotype,& there was reduced or absent expression of all, or parts of,the 3’UTR [PMID 19508721]
• truncation of HMGA2 and the nature of its fusion partner gene might be relevant in the adipose tissue tumorigenesis. [PMID 19837271]
• Observational study and genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20397748]
• report of 2 novel HMGA2 fusion sequences in lipomas with chromosome 12 rearrangements [PMID 19431195]
• up-regulation of HMGA2 expression is correlated to the undifferentiated phenotype of leukaemic cells accumulating during progression of chronic phase to blast crisis [PMID 17917968]
• Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 19930247]
• The three novel transcripts, A15, B6 and D12 are located within the HMGA2 gene itself and are transcribed from the opposite strand. [PMID 17045619]
• Our findings of immunoreactivity for HMGA2 may lead to a novel, useful biomarker to complement p53 in the detection of early-stage serous carcinoma. [PMID 19898227]
• Biochemical Activity; Far Western [PMID 16293633]
• Far Western [PMID 16293633]
• variant of HMGA2 is associated with adult and childhood height in the general population [PMID 17767157]
• Affinity Capture-MS [PMID 21906983]
• Based on sequence analysis of the entire intron 3 of HMGA2, a possible new exon of HMGA2 is described, the expression of which in a transcript may have more striking effects than wild-type HMGA2 in terms of tumorigenesis. [PMID 11921278]
• Affinity Capture-Western; Far Western; Reconstituted Complex [PMID 16766265]
• Proposed role of HMGA2 gene expression in human pituitary adenomas. [PMID 20347930]
• HMGA2 silencing suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation in cases of high initial level of its expression. [PMID 18452175]
• Expression of this protein’s mRNA in the peripheral blood is an independent poor prognostic indicator for survival in metastatic breast cancer. [PMID 12778070]
• Cells of the amniotic fluid strongly overexpress HMGA2 according to their fetal origin. [PMID 19003801]
• Biochemical Activity [PMID 10889043]
• an increased CCNB2 expression in human pituitary adenomas of different histotypes that is directly correlated with HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression. [PMID 19223528]
• We provide evidence that there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between HMGA2 and IMP2 gene expression in human liposarcomas. [PMID 17426251]
• Overexpression of HMG1C does not depend on chromosomal rearrangements in radiation associated pleomorphic adenomas [PMID 11894114]
• Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are often characterized by the fusion gene CRTC1-MAML2. The mean expression level of an embryonic stem cell marker, HMGA2 was studied and found to be higher in fusion negative than in positive tumors. [PMID 19521953]
• expression of HMGA2 RNA is repressed in human cytomegalovirus infected cells; findings suggest that IE2 86 is involved in the inhibition of HMGA2 [PMID 17005673]

PubMed Articles

Recent articles:

• Nyquist KB et al. “t(12;13)(q14;q31) leading to HMGA2 upregulation in acute myeloid leukaemia.” Br J Haematol. 2012 Jun;157(6):769-71. PMID 22404713
• Hetland TE et al. “HMGA2 protein expression in ovarian serous carcinoma effusions, primary tumors, and solid metastases.” Virchows Arch. 2012 May;460(5):505-13. PMID 22476403
• Helmke BM et al. “The expression of HMGA2 varies strongly among colon carcinomas.” Anticancer Res. 2012 May;32(5):1589-93. PMID 22593436
• Taal HR et al. “Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference.” Nat Genet. 2012 Apr 15;44(5):532-8. PMID 22504419
• Stein JL et al. “Identification of common variants associated with human hippocampal and intracranial volumes.” Nat Genet. 2012 Apr 15;44(5):552-61. PMID 22504417
• McCluggage WG et al. “HMGA2 is commonly expressed in uterine serous carcinomas and is a useful adjunct to diagnosis.” Histopathology. 2012 Mar;60(4):547-53. PMID 22250726
• Murakami Y et al. “Deregulated expression of HMGA2 is implicated in clonal expansion of PIGA deficient cells in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.” Br J Haematol. 2012 Feb;156(3):383-7. PMID 22017592
• Carty CL et al. “Genome-wide association study of body height in African Americans: the Women’s Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe).” Hum Mol Genet. 2012 Feb 1;21(3):711-20. PMID 22021425
• Markowski DN et al. “BMP4 increases expression of HMGA2 in mesenchymal stem cells.” Cytokine. 2011 Dec;56(3):811-6. PMID 22019704
• Mandahl N et al. “HMGA2 and MDM2 expression in lipomatous tumors with partial, low-level amplification of sequences from the long arm of chromosome 12.” Cancer Genet. 2011 Oct;204(10):550-6. PMID 22137485

Top Pubmed articles linked to gene HMGA2 matching any search term:

• Schaeffer V et al. “RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2/IMP2 is required for laminin-β2 mRNA translation and is modulated by glucose concentration.” Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012 Jul;303(1):F75-82. PMID 22513850
• Parasramka MA et al. “MicroRNA profiling of carcinogen-induced rat colon tumors and the influence of dietary spinach.” Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 May 29;. PMID 22641368
• Morshedi A et al. “Probing into the Biological Processes Influenced by ESC Factor and Oncoprotein HMGA2 Using iPSCs.” Stem Cell Rev. 2012 May 1;. PMID 22547345
• Winkler C et al. “Lack of association of type 2 diabetes susceptibility genotypes and body weight on the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.” PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35410. PMID 22558147
• Saxena R et al. “Large-scale gene-centric meta-analysis across 39 studies identifies type 2 diabetes loci.” Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Mar 9;90(3):410-25. PMID 22325160
• Ohshige T et al. “Association of new loci identified in European genome-wide association studies with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Japanese.” PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26911. PMID 22046406
• Nielsen T et al. “Type 2 diabetes risk allele near CENTD2 is associated with decreased glucose-stimulated insulin release.” Diabetologia. 2011 May;54(5):1052-6. PMID 21267535
• McDonough CW et al. “A genome-wide association study for diabetic nephropathy genes in African Americans.” Kidney Int. 2011 Mar;79(5):563-72. PMID 21150874
• Lloyd RV et al. “Papillary thyroid carcinoma variants.” Head Neck Pathol. 2011 Mar;5(1):51-6. PMID 21221869
• de Miguel-Yanes JM et al. “Genetic risk reclassification for type 2 diabetes by age below or above 50 years using 40 type 2 diabetes risk single nucleotide polymorphisms.” Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):121-5. PMID 20889853
• Bailey SD et al. “Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.” Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct;33(10):2250-3. PMID 20628086
• Wang YC et al. “Lin-28B expression promotes transformation and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma.” Carcinogenesis. 2010 Sep;31(9):1516-22. PMID 20525879
• Voight BF et al. “Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis.” Nat Genet. 2010 Jul;42(7):579-89. PMID 20581827
• Zhao J et al. “The role of height-associated loci identified in genome wide association studies in the determination of pediatric stature.” BMC Med Genet. 2010 Jun 14;11:96. PMID 20546612
• Bouatia-Naji N et al. “Smallness for gestational age interacts with high mobility group A2 gene genetic variation to modulate height.” Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Apr;160(4):557-60. PMID 19139030
• Weedon MN et al. “Genome-wide association analysis identifies 20 loci that influence adult height.” Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):575-83. PMID 18391952
• Lettre G et al. “Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth.” Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):584-91. PMID 18391950
• Gudbjartsson DF et al. “Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height.” Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):609-15. PMID 18391951
• Cleynen I et al. “HMGA2 regulates transcription of the Imp2 gene via an intronic regulatory element in cooperation with nuclear factor-kappaB.” Mol Cancer Res. 2007 Apr;5(4):363-72. PMID 17426251
• Brants JR et al. “Differential regulation of the insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein genes by architectural transcription factor HMGA2.” FEBS Lett. 2004 Jul 2;569(1-3):277-83. PMID 15225648