unsigned long des_cbc_cksum(input,output,length,ks,ivec)
des_cblock *input, *output, *ivec;
long length;
des_key_schedule ks;
unsigned long des_quad_cksum(input,output,length,out_count,seed)
des_cblock *input, *output, *seed;
long length;
int out_count;
All of the encryption functions take what is called a des_key_schedule as an argument. A des_key_schedule is an expanded form of the des key. A des_key is 8 bytes of odd parity, the type used to hold the key is a des_cblock. A des_cblock is an array of 8 bytes, often in this library description I will refer to input bytes when the function specifies des_cblock's as input or output, this just means that the variable should be a multiple of 8 bytes.
des_cbc_cksum() produces an 8 byte checksum from input that it puts in output and returns the last 4 bytes as a long. The checksum is generated via cbc mode of DES in which only the last 8 byes are kept. I would recommend not using this function but instead using the EVP_Digest routines, or at least using MD5 or SHA. This function is used by Kerberos v4 so that is why it stays in the library.
des_quad_cksum() is from Kerberos v4 that is not anything to do with DES but was needed. It is a cksum that is quicker to generate than des_cbc_cksum(); I personally would use MD5 routines now.