Notes

1. Noyna DebBurman, Immigrant Education: Variations by Generation, Age-at-Immigration, and Country of Origin (New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2005), 10.

2. DebBurman, 6.

3. DebBurman, 10.

4. DebBurman, 16.

5. DebBurman, 7.

6. DebBurman, 6.

7. DebBurman, 6.

8. Keith A. Baker, and Adriana A. de Kanter, eds., Bilingual Education: A Reappraisal of Federal Policy (Lexington: LexingtonBooks, 1983), 51.

9. Baker, 34.

10. Baker, 34.

11. Baker, 34.

12. Bertha Pérez, Becoming Biliterate: A Study of Two-Way Bilingual Immersion Education (Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2004), 13.

13. Baker, 35.

14. Baker, 35.

15. Baker, 35.

16. Baker, 35.

17. Baker, 35.

18. Baker, 35.

19. Baker, 36.

20. Baker, 43.

21. Pérez, 12.

22. Pérez, 13.

23. Pérez, 14.

24. Baker, 52.

25. Baker, 53.

26. National Center for Education Statistics , Number and percentage of public elementary and secondary migrant students and number and percentage of students served in English Language Learner (ELL) Programs in the 100 largest districts in the United States and jurisdictions: By school district, school year 2001–02, n.d., <http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/100_largest/table_20_1.asp> (4 November 2005).

27. National Center for Education Statistics, <http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/100_largest/table_20_1.asp>

28. Francisco Cardasco, Bilingual Schooling in the United States : A Sourcebook for Education Personnel (New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1976), 264.

29. Cordasco, 264.

30. Cordasco, 264.

31. Cordasco, 268.

32. Cordasco, 265.

33. Cordasco, 268.

34. Cordasco, 265.

35. Esther Kogan, Gifted Bilingual Students (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2001), 3.

36. Kogan, 4.

37. Kogan, 8.

38. Tom T. Stritikus, and Eugene Garcia, 2005, Revisiting the Bilingual Debate From the Perspectives of Parents: Policy, Practice, and Matches or Mismatches (Educational Policy; Los Altos 19, no. 5: 729), 1.

39. Stritikus, 2.

40. Bertha Pérez, Becoming Biliterate: A Study of Two-Way Bilingual Immersion Education (Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2004), 7.

41. Abdul Karim Bangura, and Martin C. Muo, United States Congress & Bilingual Education (New York: Peter Lang, 2001), 2.

42. Bangura, 2.

43. Ana Celia Zentella, Bilingual Aesthetics (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), 54.

44. Zentella, 55.

45. Robert Ortega, Latinos and Child Welfare (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan School of Social Work, 1996), 3-12.

46. Marco A. Davis, "Latino Leadership Development: Beginning on Campus" (National Civic Review v.86 1997), 228.

Top of Page