Marital status, housing value and rent in the 1990 Census appear as sample data in the 2000 Census. Grandparents as caregivers added. Condominium housing, water and sewer dropped in the 2000. Multiple races possible in 100% portion of the 2000 Census; data may not be comparable to previous years.

100-Percent Items
1990		2000
Population	Housing	Population	Housing
Household relationship	Tenure (owner or rented)	Household relationship	Tenure (owner or rented)
Sex	Units in structure	Sex
Race (one race only)	Rooms in unit	Race (multiple races)
Hispanic origin	Vacancy characteristics	Hispanic origin
Age	Value of home	Age
Marital status	Rent paid
...	Congregate housing	...

Sample Items
1990		2000
Population	Housing	Population	Housing
			Units in structure
			Rooms in unit
		Marital status	Value of home
		Grandparents as caregivers	Rent paid
School enrollment	Year structure built	School enrollment	Year structure built
Educational attainment	Year moved into residence	Educational attainment	Year moved into residence
State or foreign country of birth	Source of water	State or foreign country of birth
Citizenship and year of immigration	Sewage disposal	Citizenship and year of immigration
Language spoken at home	Heating fuel	Language spoken at home	Heating fuel
Ancestry	Plumbing and kitchen facilities	Ancestry	Plumbing and kitchen facilities
Place of residence 5 years ago	Number of bedrooms	Place of residence 5 years ago	Number of bedrooms
Veteran status	Farm residence	Veteran status	Farm residence
Disability	Telephone	Disability	Telephone
Labor force status	Vehicles available	Labor force status	Vehicles available
Place of work	Shelter costs	Place of work	Shelter costs
Journey to work	Condominium status	Journey to work
Occupation	Utilities	Occupation
Industry		Industry
Class of worker		Class of worker
Work experience in 1989		Work experience in 1999
Income/poverty in 1989		Income/poverty in 1999
Fertility
Year last worked

Key factors to research: age, race, sex, the elderly, income and poverty, unemployment, industry, occupation, and type of disability (e.g. mobility limitation). The Census does not cover deaths in a given year or individual disabilities such as being quadriplegic.

Definitions for the 2000 Census appear in the Appendix B to the Summary File 3 Technical Documentation

Facsimile questionnaires appear in Appendix D of the Summary File 3 Technical Documentation:

• Multiple Races. The 2000 Census permitted people to choose multiple races. They are tabulated into six categories: white; black or African-American, American Indian or Alaska native; Asian; native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and Other. The Arab population is considered white. Most tables also have a seventh category named Two or More Races. Approximately 2-3% of all people reported multiple races in the 2000 Census Many people believe the 2000 racial data is not comparable to 1990.

  There were only five (rather than seven) standard tabulations in 1990. These include white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Guamanian, Hawaiian, Japanese, Korean, Samoan, Vietnamese, other) American Indian (or Alaska Native) and other.

• Hispanic. Hispanic is not a race so is usually covered in a separate table. Some tables provide data for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other. The Hispanic question was asked after the racial question in 1990. Many of the numbers in "Other Race" can be attributed to Hispanics. The Hispanic question was asked before the racial question in 2000 so may be more accurate.

• Calculating Minorities

• Labor Force. Labor force participation includes people who have jobs or want them. Reasons for not participating in the labor force include age, disability, family matters, retirement, school enrollment, etc.

• Unemployment. Unemployment is calculated by dividing the people who want jobs but don't have them by the labor force.

• Income. Income is calculated for households (families, people living alone, people living together but not related), families (related by blood or marriage), individuals, and per capita (including children).

• Median = half below level and half above level; Mean = average.

• Poverty. Poverty rates are calculated by the Census Bureau using the family income and size of the family.

• Group Quarters. The category includes institutionalized people (nursing homes, mental institutions, prisons) and non-institutionalized people (college dorms and military quarters).

State
	Metro Area
		County
			Place
				Census Tract
					Block Group
						Block

In addition, an Urban Cluster is a densely settled area of 2,500 to 50,000 persons, and an Urbanized Area is a densely settled area of over 50,000. It is possible to have urban clusters outside metropolitan areas, and rural sections within a metropolitan area.

Summary File 1
Subjects	Geography
Household relationship Sex Race Hispanic origin Age, including single years Housing owner/renter occupied Group Quarters Unmarried partners	All levels to block Some details limited to tract

Summary File 2
Subjects	Geography
Household relationship Sex Race Hispanic origin Age Housing owner/renter occupied Group Quarters Unmarried partners Extremely detailed cross classifications by 250 races	All levels to census tract Must have 100 of race in area

Summary File 3
Subjects		Geography
Subjects in SF 1 in less detail Marital status Grandparents as caregivers School enrollment Educational attainment State or foreign country of birth Citizenship and year of immigration Language spoken at home Ancestry Place of residence 5 years ago Veteran status Disability Labor force status Place of work Journey to work Occupation Industry	Class of worker Work experience in 1999 Income and poverty in 1999 Housing units in structure Rooms in unit Value of home Rent paid Year structure built Year moved into residence Heating fuel Plumbing and kitchen facilities Number of bedrooms Farm residence Telephone Vehicles available Monthly shelter costs	All levels to block group Racial breakdowns only at tract level

Summary File 4
Subjects	Geography
Subjects covered in Summary File 3 Detailed cross classifications by race and ancestry	All levels to census tract

Demographic Profiles
Subjects	Geography
Brief data in SF1 and SF3	U.S., states, counties, places, MCDs, MSAs, Native American areas, and 106th Congress Districts

Technical Documentation

Summary File 1 Technical Documentation

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1.pdf

Summary File 2 Technical Documentation

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf2.pdf

Summary File 3 Technical Documentation

Technical documentation appears on the Census Bureau web site at: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf3.pdf. Due to the size (7.1 M) and the value of individual components, the Documents Center has divided the pdf into the following segments:
• Chapter 1: Title and Abstract [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td1.pdf] - 757K
• Chapter 2: How to Use This Documentation [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td2.pdf] - 484K
• Chapter 3: Subject Locator [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td3.pdf] - 121K
• Chapter 4: Summary Level Sequence [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td4.pdf] - 42K
• Chapter 5: List of Tables [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td5.pdf] - 197K
• Chapter 6: Summary Table Outlines [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td6.pdf] - 632K
• Chapter 7: Data Dictionary [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7.pdf] - 1.6 M (all individual variables in all tables with codes). Also subdivided into segments
  • Geographic Record Codes [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7a.pdf] - 96K
  • Population Tables P1-P160I [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7b.pdf] - 418K
  • Population Tables PCT1-PC76L [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7c.pdf] - 713K
  • Housing Tables H1-HCT48I [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td7d.pdf] - 417K
• Chapter 8: Accuracy of the Data [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td8.pdf] - 141K
• Chapter 9: User Notes and Updates [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3td9.pdf] - 241K
• Appendix A: Geographic Terms [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tda.pdf] - 342K
• Appendix B: Subject Definitions [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdb.pdf] - 381K
• Appendix C: Data Collection and Processing [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdc.pdf] - 140K
• Appendix D: Questionnaire [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdd.pdf] - 259K
• Appendix E: Data Products and User Assistance [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tde.pdf] - 513K
• Appendix F: Maps [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdf.pdf] - 915K
• Appendix G: CODE LISTS
  • Ancestry [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf] - 60K
  • Group Quarters [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg2.pdf] - 56K
  • Hispanic [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg3.pdf] - 26K
  • Industry [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg4.pdf] - 59K
  • Language [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg5.pdf] - 50K
  • Occupation [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg6.pdf] - 92K
  • Race [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf] - 115K
  • States and Foreign Countries [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg8.pdf] - 42K

Summary File 4

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf4.pdf

FTP

[http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/datasets/]
[http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#I]

Especially good for downloading all data sets for a number of geographies in a particular county. Requires knowledge of a statistical package (e.g. SAS, SPSS, STATA) and labelling of variables.

Demographic Profiles

Spreadsheets for Michigan Geographies and United States

[http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/demoprofl.html]

PDF Comparing 1990 and 2000 for Michigan Places

[ftp://www.nwm.cog.mi.us/2000CensusProfiles/]

PDF of Entire United States

[http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2002/demoprofiles.html]

There are four profiles for each area: demographics, social characteristics, economic characteristics, and housing characteristics. Although there is data for race and ancestry, there are no breakdowns by race and ancestry. Very good for an overall view of an unfamiliar area, especially if you can compare it to the state, the nation, or the 1990 Census.

American Factfinder (http://factfinder.census.gov/)

Primary vehicle for the distribution of 2000 Census data with numerous files from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing, American Community Survey (test sample data), and the 1997 Economic Censuses (employment, payrolls and receipts of business establishments.

Main navigation section is the middle of the screen It includes two search and three browse mechanisms.

Reference Maps provides mapping of states, counties, cities, census tracts, block groups, and blocks with the numbered areas identified. Also includes American Indian reservations, 3-5 digit zip codes, Congressional Districts, and state legislative districts.

Default map shows the nation. You can change the map year. It is more efficient to obtain a map by place name or address searching. Not all features show at all levels. Zoom in for more detail. Boundaries, features, and years can be changed by using the legend and updating it.

Thematic Maps illustrate selected population and housing items using classes of numbers and percentages. It is essential to change the Data Set to the correct section before obtaining the maps. Choose the largest geographic level you need and use a pulldown box to change the display to a subgeography (e.g. tract, county, county subdivision). Use the legend to add features and boundaries. Use the Geolytics CD-ROM to map variables not available on Factfinder.

Data Sets is the major data access point. It includes links to 2000 and 1990 Decennial Censuses, American Community Survey, and 1997 Economic Census.

With DATA SETS, you have the option of choosing Summary File 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Within any SUMMARY FILE, there are several types of files:
• Quick Tables: one subject for one geography. These are comparable to the Demographic Profiles.
• Geographic Comparison Tables: one subject for multiple geographies (tracts in county)
• Thematic Maps
• Detailed Data - most detailed information; must download entire table
• Custom Tables - can download parts of one table or mix and match tables.
DETAILED DATA and CUSTOM TABLES provide subject and keyword searching for the tables. Keyword searching is usually best for SF 1 and 2; subject searching is usually best for SF 3 and 4. Tables can also be chosen by browsing the list. PCT and HCT tables are more detailed than the P and H tables in terms of age, race, and subject breakdowns. Search results should be highlighted and ADDED to the box. Geography can be chosen through LIST GEOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY WITHIN GEOGRAPHY, PLACE NAME SEARCHING, and ADDRESS SEARCHING. LIST GEOGRAPHY provides geographies one level down: e.g. blocks groups in one tract. GEO WITHIN GEO shows geography at least two levels down, e.g. all block groups in county. Tables can be altered through CHANGE SELECTIONS, and then changing the table, geography, or data set. OPTIONS provides the geographic coding for a given table. RELATED ITEMS links to thematic maps and other data sets.

Geography Searching identifies reference and thematic maps as well as Quick Tables for a named place in all of the data sets in Factfinder. It does not identify all data sets. Keyword Searching identifies all data sets from every program (1990, 2000, ACS, Economic Census).

Data can be downloaded in comma-delimited and tab delimited formats, as is or with columns and rows transposed. All four formats label the rows and columns. Tables can also be downloaded in a comma delimited format ready for manipulation with large statistical packages. The rows and columns have coded rather than alphabetic headers.

Related instructions for using American Factfinder include the Epidemiology powerpoint presentation and Washtenaw County Age/Race/Sex which describes how to put together an age/race/sex table for any county.

Geographic Area: U.S., states, counties, places, census tracts, block groups, and blocks.

Time Period: 2000.

Census Bureau 2000 DVDs (Documents Center)

Summary File 1 data on DVD permits users to download large geographies (all census tracts in state, all blocks in city) and to create new tables with individual components of the Factfinder tables (e.g. choose children 1-4 by individual age rather than choose all people by individual age, 1-110). Summary File 2 provides the same data but for 250 racial groups. Summary File 3 includes all sample variables to the block group level. There are still limits to the number of items that can be downloaded so it is not necessary to use it for this course.

Census Maps

American Factfinder (http://factfinder.census.gov/)

Reference Maps provides mapping of states, counties, cities, census tracts, block groups, and blocks with the numbered areas identified. Also includes American Indian reservations, 3-5 digit zip codes, Congressional Districts, and state legislative districts.

Default map shows the nation. You can change the map year. It is more efficient to obtain a map by place name or address searching. Not all features show at all levels. Zoom in for more detail. Boundaries, features, and years can be changed by using the legend and updating it.

Thematic Maps illustrate selected population and housing items using classes of numbers and percentages. It is essential to change the Data Set to the correct section before obtaining the maps. Choose the largest geographic level you need and use a pulldown box to change the display to a subgeography (e.g. tract, county, county subdivision). Use the legend to add features and boundaries. Use the Geolytics CD-ROM to map variables not available on Factfinder.

Geolytics Census 2000 CD (Documents Center)

Summary File 1 data is located in the Documents Center. Summary File 3 data is also located on the CITRIX LAN <http://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/cens00.html>. Geolytics allows users to map all of the variables in the Census (more than the thematic maps in American Factfinder). Data can also be imported into ARCVIEW.

ArcView Tutorial. (http://www.lib.umich.edu/maplib/tutorial/census.html)

Arcview, the most sophisticated mapping program, permits Census data to be combined with geographic boundaries and landmarks. The program is available in the Map Library (825 Hatcher) and selected campus computing sites. The tutorial was written by Deborah Wassertzug for campus classes.

Geographic Area: United States, states, counties, places, census tracts, block groups, and blocks.

Time Period: 1990+

MABLE/GEOCORR Geographic Correspondence Engine

http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html

Users may relate geographic codes used in the 2000 Census. Example: zip codes within a Census tract, county lists of zip codes, zip codes with county identified. Codes include: state, county, city, MSA, census tract, block group, zip code, Congressional District and Public Use Microdata Areas.

Geographic Correspondence Tables for Michigan

• 2000 Zip to County: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/zipco00.csv
• 2000 County to Zip: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/cozip00.csv
• 2000 Zip to Tract: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/ziptr00.csv
• 2000 Tract to Zip: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/trzip00.csv

CENSUS UPDATES

Population Estimates

Age by Race and Sex: United States: 1990

(http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/us90.csv)

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/us90.xls

1990 data in five-year age groups by sex and race.

Geographic Area: Nation

Time Period: Monthly since April 1990.

Age by Race and Sex: Michigan Counties

2000 data for Michigan counties arranged on separate sheets in same xls workbook: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/mairs00.xls Annual estimates arranged by county for 1990-99 and then five-year age groups by sex and race (white, black, Asian, American Indian and Hispanic) can be downloaded from the Census Bureau in flat ASCII format. 1997 data downloaded and relabelled for use at the University of Michigan for Michigan, Washtenaw and Wayne Counties. Relabelled data arranged by year in csv format can be downloaded and opened with a generic spreadsheet program: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997.

Geographic Area: Michigan and counties

Time Period: Annual, 1990-2000.

Age by Race and Sex for Detroit City: 1990.

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cendata/det90.csv

Five year age groups for Detroit by sex for White Non-Hispanic, white Hispanic, Black, American Indian, Asian, and All Hispanic. Data entered from Table 61 of 1990 Census of Population; General Population Characteristics: Michigan. CSV format.

American Community Survey

http://www.census.gov/acs/www>

Provides sample data updates to the Decennial beginning 2002 for all states and all places, Congressional Districts, counties and metropolitan areas of 65,000+. Includes age, race, sex, ancestry, education, occupation, industry, commuting, fertility, labor force, income, and housing characteristics. Summary of program, goals, and technical documentation. Files retrievable through American Factfinder Data Sets Menu [http://factfinder.census.gov/]

Michigan in American Community Survey
State	Michigan
MSA/CMSA	Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint CMSA Gramd Rapids-Muskegon-Holland MSA Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Lansing-East Lansing Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
PMSA	Detroit PMSA Ann Arbor PMSA Flint PMSA
Congressional District - 108th	6 - 9 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15
County	Genesee Ingham Kent Macomb Oakland Washtenaw Wayne
Place	Detroit

Census Bureau Web Site. (http://www.census.gov)

Use alphabetic subject list in the lefthand frame of the main screen to identify the location of items. Total population and poverty estimates for places but most other at national and state level only.

Geographic Area: Nation and states.

Time Period: Annual at least since 1993

Population Estimates
http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates.php

Population Projections
http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/popproj.html

Social and Demographic Characteristics
http://www.census.gov/population/www/

Housing and Household Economics
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/

Survey of Income and Program Participation. http://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/

Longitudinal surveys of the population since 1984 relating wealth, poverty, and various welfare benefits to one another and over the long term. Web site provides sophisticated access to microdata as well as printed reports, e.g. health care benefits, child care, WIC programs, fathers as care providers.

Geographic Area: Nation with some microdata by state.

Time Period: 1984+

Poverty Measures

American Factfinder (http://factfinder.census.gov/)

Has 2000 poverty estimates in Summary File 3 and will continue to update them through the American Community Survey, also on Factfinder.

Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Census Reports (http://www.ffiec.gov/webcensus/ffieccensus.htm)

Choose state and then county or MSA. Reports provide estimated family income data for the current year (e.g. 2001) by Census tract number with a comparison to 1990 data and a ranking (low, middle, moderate, etc.). Most of the remaining data comes from the 1990 Census. Reports meant to monitor fairness in granting mortgages.

Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates http://www.census.gov/ftp/pub/hhes/www/saipe/stcty/estimate.html)

National, state and county data for 1989, 1993, and 1995-99 on people in poverty, people under 18 in poverty, children 5-17 in families in poverty, and median household income.

Geographic Area: Nation, state and counties

Time Period: 1989, 1993 and 1995.

Assistance Payments Statistics. (Doc.Cen. HV 86 .M5)

Monthly data on people and social assistance payments by type and county. The most current month's data is also on the web at http://www.michigan.gov/fia/0,1607,7-124-5458_7696-15020--,00.html

Geographic Area: Michigan and counties

Time Period: Monthly, 1980s to present.

ECONOMIC DATA

County Business Patterns (http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html)

Number of establishments, employees and payrolls in various private medical clinics (SIC 801-805) and hospitals (806) by county, 1993-97. Choose state and then county. Find Service Industries (SIC 70) then click on two-digit button next to it. Find 8000 SIC on the next screen and click on 3-4 digit button for county data.

Geographic Area: State, county.

Time Period: 1993-96

Economic Census: 1997 (http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/97EC62.HTM

The 1997 Economic Census state reports are almost complete. Their first incarnation is pdf format. Private health care clinics appears in the Health Care and Social Assistance section. The SIC system was changed to the NAICS system and results in a renumbering of industries. Table 3 of each state report has county data for doctors (NAICS 6211), other health care practioners (6213), and hospitals (622). The Michigan report is hefty: 147 pages in pdf format.

Also available through American Factfinder.

Geographic Area: Nation , states, counties and large cities.

Time Period: 1997

Michigan Local Area Unemployment Statistics. (http://www.michlmi.org/LMI/lmadata/trend/trend.htm)

Monthly employment and unemployment for counties and subcounty areas since 1970. Industry and occupational employment outlooks as well as salary surveys.

Geographic Area:Michigan and counties

Time Period: Monthly since 1970

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

American Religion Data Archive
http://www.thearda.com/

Use upper righthand frame to access church membership by county for 1990. 2000 data still expected in 2002.

Geographic Area: Counties

Time Period: 1980-1900

Lexis-Nexis Universe
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/

Search for articles in local newspapers. Time coverage varies. Use Ultimate News Link (http://pppp.net/links/news/) to identify on-line newspapers not available in Universe.

Michigan County and City Web Sites
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/michloc.html

Probably the most comprehensive web page for Michigan county and city government web sites.

National Public School Locator
http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/search/

Locate individual elementary or secondary schools or school districts by name, district, telephone number, or enrollment. Data includes location, number of teachers and students, student/teacher ratio, students by grade and ethnicity/race. Separate search engine for school districts.

Uniform Crime Reports
http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm

Full text of national, state, and place (10,000+ population) in Adobe Acrobat format. Preliminary data for the nation and places of 100,000 or more in text (ASCII) format.

COUNTY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUMMARIES

Community Health Profiles Project CD-ROM. (Public Health Library.)

The Michigan Public Health Institute's Community Health Profiles Project was designed to provide each community in the state with a basic description of its health for use as a starting point for the community health assessment process. It includes data on demographic, social and economic characteristics; health status and levels of health risk; and current status of health systems.

The CD-ROM with the Community Health Profiles Project will be available at PHISA - the Public Health Library. It is currently installed at the public CD-ROM station, and it is also available to be checked out from PHISA circulation.

Michigan County Profiles. http://medc.michigan.org/miinfo/places/

Extensive descriptive and statistical information on Michigan's 83 counties. Geography, current labor force data, transportation lines, earnings by industry and selected occupation, number of industrial establishments, names of banks, colleges, major employers and utilities. Hospitals are listed in terms of numbers and beds and also as major employers.

Geographic Area: Michigan counties

Time Period: Current issue includes data from various dates, 1990-97

County and City Data Book, 1988 and 1994 http://fisher.lib.Virginia.EDU/ccdb/

Summary demographic and vital statistics; employment, education, government, housing, production and weather data. The population and economic censuses form the basis data also includes copyrighted material on community hospital beds. For states, counties, and all cities of 25,000+. To choose multiple geographic areas, click on the first area with a mouse; press the control key and click on the next area. The output may be sorted geographically or by value of the variable. The 2000 data is available in pdf format from the Census Bureau at http://www.census.gov/statab/www/ccdb.html

Geographic Area: Nation , states, counties and large cities.

Time Period: 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992

USA Counties, 1998 http://censtats.census.gov/usa/usa.shtml

Population and housing variables (age, ancestry, race, education, income, and poverty for each county in the nation with some updates from the Current Population Survey. 1992 economic census data (manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, service industries) as well as government employment and finance. Non-Census data includes federal funds, current employment data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, crime, election, health, Social Security beneficiaries, and vital statistics (births, marriages, deaths, 1960-94). Data may be retrieved for an individual county or comparisons between counties can be requested

Geographic Area: U.S., states and counties

Time Period: Primarily 1990 and 1992 with some data from selected years, 1960-97

National Comparisons

Statistical Abstract of the United States. (Public Health and Doc. Cen. HA 202) http://www.census.gov:80/stat_abstract/

Compendium of government and non-government statistics, primarily on the national and state levels. Population and vital statistics, health, economics, education, manufacturing, natural resources, transportation. Full text available in Adobe Acrobat format retrievable by chapter. State rankings and state/county profiles in HTML format. Section 1 of Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning around Table 20, in Adobe Acrobat format. A searchable copy with individual tables in gif, xls and csv format is available through Statistical Universe. Historical pdf versions of Statistical Abstract are available from the Census Bureau web site for 1878-1929, 1953-58, and 1995+

Geographic Area: U.S. and states.

Time Period: Current volume at various years since 1960.

1990 CENSUS DATA

American Factfinder (http://factfinder.census.gov/)

Thematic maps, reference maps to the block group (not block) level, and most data tables from the 1990 Census, including Summary Tape File 1 (100%) and Summary Tape File 3 (education, ancestry, occupation, language, income, poverty).

NOTE: Summary Tape File 1 in 1990 does not have a breakdown by single years of age, sex, and race.

See American Factfinder 2000 for description and use instructions.

Geographic Area: State, counties, places, census tracts and block groups.

Time Period: 1990 with income and poverty data for 1989.

1990 FTP Site

[http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#I]

Most 1990 data can only be ftp-ed through ICPSR. The ftp site is readily available through campus workstations. Single years of age appears in Summary Tape File 2 (ICPSR Study 9770) (http://www.icpsr.umich.edu:8080/ABSTRACTS/09770.xml?format=ICPSR)

MABLE/GEOCORR Geographic Correspondence Engine

http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/sedac-2.2/geocorr/index.html

Users may relate geographic codes used in the 1990 Census. Example: zip codes within a Census tract, county lists of zip codes, zip codes with county identified. Codes include: state, county, city, MSA, census tract, block group, zip code, Congressional District and Public Use Microdata Areas. Note that zip codes may have changed after the 1990 Census; e.g. 48104 was split into 48104 and 48108.

Geographic Correspondence Codes for Michigan: 1990

Census Tract to Zip Code (HTML)
Zip Code to Census Tract (HTML)
County to Zip Code (XLS)
Zip Code to County (XLS)

1990 Census Printed Reports (http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/90pubs/decenial.html

The 1990 Census printed reports consist of General Population Characteristics (100%), Social and Economic Characteristics (Sample), General Housing Characteristics (100%), and Detailed Housing Characteristics (Sample). They are located in the Graduate Library stacks as HA 201 .1990 A3 and also through the Census Bureau web site in pdf format. Files range from 3 to 21 MB. General Population Characteristics provides single years of age to 89 for the state in table 16 but does not have similar county data.

HEALTH DATA

Mortality - National Sources

Atlas of Cancer Mortality, 1950-1994. http://www3.cancer.gov/atlasplus/

County maps of cancer mortality by type of cancer, race, and sex. Choose type of cancer, geography, and population. Maps in gif format. Data may be downloaded in ASCII or DBF format. Entire atlas also available in PDF format.

Geographic Area: U.S., SEA, county.

Time Period: 1950-1994 as two aggregates.

Atlas of United States Mortality. (Public Health and Taubman RA 11 .B15 A251287 no. 97-1015. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/other/atlas/atlas.htm

Maps of mortality by the 18 most frequent causes for Health Statistics Areas, which usually comprise 2-6 counties. Data is a summary of 1988-92. Sample Map showing deaths for black females by stroke. Paper version is easiest to use. Web version segmented into sections of 1-5 MB. Corresponding CD-ROM with original data tables on order.

Geographic Area: Each multi-county Health Statistics Area in the United States.

Time Period: 1988-92 as an aggregate.

CDC Wonder. (http://wonder.cdc.gov/)

Get Info permits searching of data sets and reports. Subjects include mortality, natality, AIDS, STDs, fluoridation, Census. Some data broken down by state or local area (e.g. death of black women by age and county and disease). Initial free registration recommended. Various formats available; data may be sent via e-mail or you can wait while on-line. Example.

Geographic Area: U.S., states, and counties.

Time Period: 1979 to present.

National Vital Statistics Report. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/products/pubs/pubd/nvsr/nvsr.htm

Monthly death rates for the nation and states since 1998. Previous title, Monthly Vital Statistics Reports ( http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/products/pubs/pubd/mvsr/mvsr.htm covers July 1994-December 1997. Annual report of Deaths: Final provides national mortality by disease and age, race or sex. Also includes special topics on mortality with more detail.

Geographic Area: United States

Time Period: Annual since 1993 on web.

Vital Statistics of the United States. (Public Health RA 11 .A15 and Doc. Cen. HA 203 .A25)

Annual printed publication with the latest edition 1992. Volume 2B provides death statistics by over 70 causes by age and sex for all counties and cities of 10,000+. CDC Wonder (below) provides mortality data by age, race and sex for diseases at the county level and is more current.

Geographic Area: U.S., states, counties, and places of 10,000+

Time Period: Annual through 1992.

Women and Heart Disease. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/cvd/womensatlas/index.htm

National, state and county maps of women's mortality from heart disease in the 1990s. Data for all women and for ethnicity (white, black, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic.

Geographic Area: U.S., state and counties.

Time Period: 1992-1996.

Mortality - State Sources

Detroit Health Department Biostatistics

http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/health/ohpgm/bio.htm

Morbidity statistics by disease, race and age for the city as a whole for the past five years. Mortality statistics by cause and race for the entire city and the ten individual health regions within the city.

Geographic Area: City of Detroit and its 10 individual regions.

Time Period: 1990+

Michigan County and Regional Vital Statistics Profiles (http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/PHA/OSR/profiles/indexc.htm

County profiles provide marriage, divorce, and birth statistics, the latter by race and for mothers under 18. Total deaths for 1998 are by age, race and sex. Death rates by cause are for all races, white, black, and all children under 19 but do not cross-classify race by sex and gender. More detailed data is being ordered by the Public Health Library.

Geographic Area: Michigan, health regions, county.

Time Period: 1996.

Michigan Critical Health Indicators ( http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132--17501--,00.html)

Textual report compares Michigan with the nation on mortality causes and health risk behaviors (overweight, smoking). Some factsheets have county maps.

Geographic Area: U.S., Michigan and some county data.

Time Period: Primarily current with some data back to 1982.

Michigan Vital Statistics (http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/PHA/OSR/index.asp?id=1/)

Michigan deaths by age and cause beginning 1990 and county death statistics by age and type of cancer. No other death causes are included in county data.

Geographic Area: Michigan and county (limited data)

Time Period: 1990-98.

Hospitalizations

American Hospital Directory. (http://www.ahd.com/)

Search for hospitals by name, state, city, or three-digit zip code. Free data includes Medicare data on disease treated by type for individual hospitals. More detail available through license.

Geographic Area: Individual hospitals.

Time Period: 1997.

Michigan Hospital Discharge Survey (/afs/sph.umich.edu/class/epid552/MhaData)

Eight of the files are PC-SAS 6.12 data sets that are subsets of the Michigan Hospital Discharge Survey, described in the 'data set dict.doc' file in the epid552 directory. They are named year90.sd2 thru year97.sd2. The ninth file is a zip file containing dbase/foxpro versions of the sas files.

The included fields are:

age
midb_zip
mkey
princ_dx
princ_px
race
repl
sex
datayear

Information per Gavin Welch of the MFS Research Group, gwelch@umich.edu.

National Hospital Discharge Survey. http://www.lib.umich.edu/data.html

People hospitalized in 1990 and 1996 by sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis, surgical procedures, and method of payment. 1990 and 1996 data as well as the 1996 codebook can be downloaded from ICPSR. The printed codebook for 1990 is at the Public Health Library Reserve Desk.

Time Period: 1996.

Preventable Hospitalizations. http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/PHA/OSR/chi/hosp/frame.html

Preventable hospitalizations by age, 1991-98, by type: congestive heart failure, bacterial pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary, kidney/urinary infections, dehydration, cellulitis, diabetes, angina, convulsions, all other.

Use the lefthand frame. Click on Community Trends/Your County. At the next frame, click on the second line, You can also select a county. Choose a county from the box and click on View. Then select a leading diagnosis.

Geographic Area: Michigan and County.

Time Period: 1991-98

HEALTH RISKS

Health Risk Behaviors

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/)

National and state data on health risk behaviors, 1995+. Questions include vegetable consumption, weight control, screening exams, immunizations. Links to state reports which cite this questionnaire.

Geographic Area: Nation and State.

Time Period: 1995+

Community Health Profiles Project CD-ROM. (Public Health Library.)

The Michigan Public Health Institute's Community Health Profiles Project was designed to provide each community in the state with a basic description of its health for use as a starting point for the community health assessment process. It includes data on demographic, social and economic characteristics; health status and levels of health risk; and current status of health systems.

The CD-ROM with the Community Health Profiles Project will be available at PHISA - the Public Health Library. It is currently installed at the public CD-ROM station, and it is also available to be checked out from PHISA circulation.

A guide to the SETS software program is available at http://www.lib.umich.edu/data/sets.html

Health Risk Behaviors, Michigan. ( RA 421 .H3987)

Health risk behaviors for twelve Michigan health regions. Data was aggregated for 1990-94 in the latest report to improve accuracy. Includes smoking, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, mammogram, drinking, drinking and driving, seat belt use. Public Health Library has annual editions beginning 1987. 1994 microfiche edition in Documents Center on SRI Microfiche: 97 S3958-2.

Geographic Area: Michigan and 12 regions.

Time Period: 1987- in five-year aggregates.

Michigan Critical Health Indicators
( http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132--17501--,00.html)

Textual report compares Michigan with the nation on mortality causes and health risk behaviors (overweight, smoking). Some factsheets have county maps.

Geographic Area: U.S., Michigan and some county data.

Time Period: Primarily current with some data back to 1982.

Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (UMTRI)
( http://www.umtri.umich.edu/tdc/mtcf/crash_facts.htm

Annual county and community traffic accidents by age of driver and victim, cause of accident, severity, alcohol use, and seat belt use.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ( http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm)

National reports examining behavioral factors such as diet in the development of disease. Several self-extracting files can be downloaded to hard disk. Microdata available from Data Ferret. Listing of reports available in Vital and Health Statistics Series 11 in Public Health Library.

Geographic Coverage: Primarily national.

Time Period: Primarily 1982+

National Center for Health Statistics. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/

Ground zero for health information with downloadable public use data and pdf reports on health and nutrition. Most detailed information by age, race and sex at the U.S. level. Also collects basic county and state level data. Web site takes patience due to downloading times for pdf files and programs.

Geographic Area: Primarily U.S. with some state and county data.

Time Period: 1980s to present.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive. (http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/index.html

Microdata from government drug abuse and mental health surveys, 1970s to the present. Data at the national level only. Includes codebooks in compressed and uncompressed format.

Quick Start Instructions
• Choose Data Analysis System
• Choose the survey you would like and the "browse" option; start
• Choose "Alphabetical Variable List"
• Choose your variables and write down their corresponding code names
• Go back to the original screen and choose "run crosstabulations;" start
• Imagine the output as a spreadsheet and type in the desired vertical and horizontal code names; also choose output as statistics or percentages
Example of National Household Drug Survey
• Time since last alcoholic beverage by 11 age groups
• In "run crosstabulations," type in "agecat3" as vertical and "al03" as horizontal; check off percentaging as horizontal; run the table

Geographic Area: National

Time Period: 1970s+

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance. ( http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbs/index.htm)

National data since 1990 on health risks taken by high school students, eg. unprotected sex, riding motorcycles without a helmet, school violence, nutrition. CD-ROM with state and local data on order.

Geographic Area: National on web; state and local on ordered CD-ROM.

Time Period:: 1990+

Environmental Risks

Chemical Scorecard/Environmental Defense Fund (http://www.scorecard.org/ranking/

Ranks states, counties and zip codes by amount of chemical pollution. The top 100 counties and zip codes are ranked for both the U.S. and individual states. Click on area to obtain data on pollution by chemical or health effect. Includes maps of an area and reports on individual polluters. Lists street address and zip code of facility. Example of map

Geographic Area: U.S., states, counties, and zip codes.

Time Period: Current.

Superfund National Priorities List http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/index.htm

EPA's priorities for toxic waste cleanup. Click on state maps to identify concentrations of polluters. Example. By clicking on a symbol, you can obtain background information on the polluter. You can also search the data by address, zip code, or type of problem. The resulting maps (example) provide streets but not street names. Links to the individual polluter.

Geographic Area: U.S., city, zip code.

Time Period: Current.

HEALTH INSURANCE

Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins.html

Longitudinal and cross-sectional health insurance statistics by state and various socioeconomic (age, race, sex, children, etc.) characteristics.

Geographic Area: U.S. and States.

Time Period: 1987+

Losing Health Insurance by Families USA. http://www.familiesusa.org/site/DocServer/unintend.pdf?docID=779)

Investigative report finds 675,000 people lost health insurance coverage in 1997 as direct result of welfare reform. Minority children most likely to lack coverage.

Geographic Area: U.S.

Time Period: 1997

Medicare Compare http://www.medicare.gov/mphCompare/home.asp

Type in zip code to determine health care providers in area. Compare health care plans for persons on Medicare.

Geographic Area: Counties and Zip Codes.

Time Period: Current only.

STATISTICAL INDEXES

Statistical Abstract of the United States. (Public Health and Doc. Cen. HA 202) http://www.census.gov:80/stat_abstract/

Compendium of government and non-government statistics, primarily on the national and state levels. Population and vital statistics, health, economics, education, manufacturing, natural resources, transportation. Full text available in Adobe Acrobat format retrievable by chapter. State rankings and state/county profiles in HTML format. Section 1 of Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning around Table 20, in Adobe Acrobat format. A searchable copy with individual tables in gif, xls and csv format is available through Statistical Universe

Geographic Area: U.S. and states.

Time Period: Current volume at various years since 1960.

FedStats. http://www.fedstats.gov

Comprehensive listing to statistical programs of over 70 federal government agencies. Arranged by agency or program; includes explanatory material and contacts. Search engine indexes individual statistical tables by keyword or agency and provides direct connection

Geographic Area: All levels.

Time Period: Varies.

Statistical Resources on the Web. (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html)

Annotated guide to government and non-government web sites at a national and international level. Covers agriculture, energy, environment, demographic, and economics. Indicates substate geography when available.

Geographic Area International, Foreign, United States with some state and local.

Time Period: Primarily 1993+

Statistical Universe. ((http://web.lexis-nexis.com/statuniv/) (U Mich Only)

Indexes federal government statistical tables since 1974, business and state government publications since 1980, and international agency publications since 1983. Keyword approach includes category searches (by type of geographic area, economic factor, or demographic characteristic). Only about 10% of the publications are linked via the Internet. All publications are available on microfiche in the Documents Center. Slide Show on Statistical Universe; Guide to Statistical Universe.

Geographic Area: Foreign, international, U.S., state, county, city, census tract, zip code, block group.

Time Period: Primarily 1973+

REFERENCE TOOLS

Citation Sources for Census and Online Data

• APA Format (Purdue)
  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_apa.html
• Census Bureau
  http://www.census.gov/main/www/citation.html
• Government Publications (Memphis)
  http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/citeweb.htm

Excel for Census Data Users
(http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/excel/xlguide.pdf

Illustrated guide to using Excel, including transposing rows and columns, ranking and filtering data, converting Adobe Acrobat files into Excel.

FURTHER HELP

Subject	Librarian	E-Mail	Phone
Census	Grace York	graceyor@umich.edu	764-0410
Health Research	Helen Look	hlook@umich.edu	936-7663
Mapping	Karl Longstreth	karleric@umich.edu	764-0407
Statistical Manipulation	JoAnn Dionne	jdionne@umich.edu	763-9408

Grace York, Coordinator, Documents Center
The University of Michigan Library
With JoAnn Dionne, Helen Look and Gavin Welch
graceyor@umich.edu

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/epidem.html

Since July 16, 1999 this page has been accessed

[an error occurred while processing this directive]