Campaign Finances

FECInfo--Tony Raymond (http://www.tray.com/fecinfo/)
1996 Congressional and Presidential campaign contributions searchable by name of candidiate, state, Political Action Committee, or individual contributor. Special analyses include occupations and zip codes of contributors as well as candidates receiving the most out-of-state money. The webmaster worked for the FEC.

Federal Election Commission (http://www.fec.gov/finance/finmenu.htm)

Summary receipts and disbursements of Presidential and all Congressional candidates in 1996. However, detailed files for individual contributors must be downloaded.

Congressional Races

American Voter '96--Congressional Quarterly (http://voter96.cqalert.com)
Provides news coverage but its special strength is its profile of existing Members of Congress. Profiles include biographical, campaign finance, district, and election information as well as voting record.

CAPWEB's Campaign 1996 (http://www.capweb.net/104th/race96.html)

Links to web pages of Congressional candidates, arranged by state.

Clerk of the House (http://clerkweb.house.gov)

List of Senate and House nominees for the 1996 elections. Historical data includes national electoral college results since the 1st Congress, Presidential and Senatorial election results by state and House by district since 1992

FECInfo--Tony Raymond (http://www.tray.com/fecinfo/)

1996 Congressional and Presidential campaign contributions searchable by name of candidiate, state, Political Action Committee, or individual contributor. Special analyses include occupations and zip codes of contributors as well as candidates receiving the most out-of-state money. The webmaster worked for the FEC.

Politics Now (http://www.politicsnow.com/)

ABC News, Washington Post, Newsweek, National Journal and Los Angeles Times news coverage of U.S. and state politics. Special strength is its Almanac of American Politics, (http://pn1.politicsnow.com/resource/almanac/index.htm), with an analysis of the Congressional District politics as well as political biographies, voting records, and lobby group ratings of current members of Congress.

Election Results

All Politics (http://allpolitics.com/elections/)
Total votes and percentages for Presidential, Senate, Gubernatorial, and ballot issues by State and Representatives by Congressional District.

Clerk of the House (http://clerkweb.house.gov)

National electoral college results since the 1st Congress, Presidential and Senatorial election results by state and House by district since 1992

Congressional Delegations, 105th Congress

(gopher://una.hh.lib.umich.edu:70/11/socsci/poliscilaw/uslegi/congdir97)
Separate directories for the House and Senate arranged by state. Provides e-mail and web addresses for incumbents and office addresses for 104th Congress

ElectNet (http://www.e1.com/GOV/gov.html)

Gubernatorial, Congressional and Senate results by state with candidate, vote totals, and percentages.

Michigan Department of State (http://www.sos.state.mi.us/election/elect.html)

Total vote counts for President, Senate, U.S. Representative, State Representatives, Courts, and statewide ballot proposals. Arranged by county or district/county component as applicable.

Politics Now (http://www.politicsnow.com/campaign/)

Election results for President, Governor, and Senate by State and County; results for the House of Representative by District. The House section reports the results for women, African-American, Gay/Lesbian, and Hispanic candidates.

Presidents of the United States--IPL/Summers (http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/)

Basic Presidential election statistics from Washington through Clinton.

Project Vote Smart (http://www.vote-smart.org )

Answers of 1996 Presidential candidates to specific questions regarding policy (National Political Awareness Test). Answers of 1996 Congressional candidates also expected but as of August 30, 1996 the information was limited to Members of the 104th Congress. Good source for 1996 Presidential primary election results and background information on the issues.

U.S. Election Map Bank (http://www.worldmedia.fr/USelections/)

Maps of Presidential election winners for 1988 and 1992 by state and county with state maps for 1960-92. The University of Virginia has mapped popular vote totals by state, 1948-92.

Election Night Coverage (November 5, 1996)

• AllPolitics (http://allpolitics.com/info/contents.shtml)
• National Association of Latino Elected Officials (http://www.naleo.org)
• New Politics (http://www.newpolitics.com/elections.html)
• Politics Now (http://www.politicsnow.com/)
• Project Vote Smart (http://www.vote-smart.org )
• Michigan Election Returns
  • Detroit News (http://www.detnews.com/)
  • WDIV (http://www.wdiv.com/)
  • Michigan Department of State (http://www.sos.state.mi.us/election/elect.html)
  • Michigan Legislature, 1997/98
    • House of Representatives (UMich compilation)
    • Senate (same as 1995/96)
  • Washtenaw County (HVCN)
  • Includes municipal and county offices

Issues

AllPolitics--Time/CNN (http://allpolitics.com/info/contents.shtml )
Current news coverage of the Presidential election with a special strength for primary exit polls and public opinion polls on the candidates and issues.

Atlantic Monthly Election Connection (http://www2.theatlantic.com/

atlantic/election/connection)
Several articles apiece for such campaign issues as abortion, defense, foreign policy, health, immigration, and religion. An Executive Decision section encourages user to choose policy options

Countdown '96 (http://www.newpolitics.com/countdown/)

Comprehensive lists of state political parties and lobby groups or web sites by major issue in the campaign.

DebateWatch '96 (http://www.debates96.org/)

Recommendation on debate formats and viewing by the Commission on Presidential Debates. Transcripts of the 1960-96 debates

Emily's List (http://www.emilyslist.org/home.htm)

Recommended women candidates for the Fall 1996 elections, women's opinions on candidates and issues.

Jefferson Project (http://www.voxpop.org/jefferson/)

Extensive information on political issues, such as environmental politics, abortion, gun control, etc.

Project Vote Smart (http://www.vote-smart.org )

Answers of 1996 Presidential candidates to specific questions regarding policy (National Political Awareness Test). Answers of 1996 Congressional candidates also expected but as of August 30, 1996 the information was limited to Members of the 104th Congress. Good source for 1996 Presidential primary election results and background information on the issues.

Lobby Groups

Lobby Group Internet Sites
• Abortion Rights Activist Home Page (http://www.cais.com/agm/index.html)
• AFL-CIO (http://www.aflcio.org:80/)
• American Assoc.for Retired Persons (http://www.aarp.org/)
• American Civil Liberties Union (http://www.aclu.org/)
• American Library Association (http://www.ala.org/washoff/)
• American Medical Association (http://www.ama-assn.org)
• American Public Health Association (http://www.apha.org)
• American Public Welfare Association (http://www.apwa.org/)
• Anti-Defamation League (http://www.adl.org/)
• Christian Coalition (http://cc.org/)
• Common Cause (http://www.ccsi.com/~comcause/)
• Concord Coalition (http://sunsite.unc.edu/concord/)
• Emily's List (http://www.emilyslist.org/home.htm)
• Federation of American Scientists (http://www.fas.org/)
• Greenpeace International (http://www.greenpeace.org/)
• League of Conservation Voters (http://www.lcv.org/)
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (http://www.bin.com/assocorg/naacp/naacp.htm)
• National Coalition for the Homeless (http://www2.ari.net/home/nch/)
• National Fish and Wildlife Federation (http://www.nfwf.org/)
• National Organization for Women (http://now.org/)
• National Rifle Association (http://www.nra.org/)
• Sierra Club (http://www.sierraclub.org/)
• Subject-Oriented Groups from Countdown '96 (http://www.comeback.com/countdown/issues.html)

Lobby Group Ratings of Congress

• League of Conservation Voters
  (http://www.econet.org/lcv/home/scorecards-menu.html)
  Floor votes and LCV ratings on environmental issues beginning 1993

• Politics Now (http://www.politicsnow.com/)
  ABC News, Washington Post, Newsweek, National Journal and Los Angeles Times news coverage of U.S. and state politics. Special strength is its Almanac of American Politics, with an analysis of the Congressional District politics as well as political biographies, voting records, and lobby group ratings of current members of Congress.

• Project Vote Smart (http://www.vote-smart.org )
  Lobby group ratings appear under Congress/Data from Project Vote Smart

Michigan

Michigan Department of State (http://www.sos.state.mi.us/election/elect.html)
State-wide general and primary election results by district beginning with the 1994 as well as candidates for the November 5 general election. Election, campaign, and lobby registration laws, filing deadlines, and ballot proposals.

Michigan Elections and Politics - UMICH (http://www.lib.umich.edu/

govdocs/michelec.html)
Most complete source for web sites of Congressional and State Legislative candidates. Links to campaign finances, news sources, and election results.

News

AllPolitics--Time/CNN (http://allpolitics.com/info/contents.shtml )
Current news coverage of the Presidential election with a special strength for primary exit polls and public opinion polls on the candidates and issues.

Politics Now (http://www.politicsnow.com/)

ABC News, Washington Post, Newsweek, National Journal and Los Angeles Times news coverage of U.S. and state politics. Special strength is its Almanac of American Politics, (http://pn1.politicsnow.com/resource/almanac/index.htm), with an analysis of the Congressional District politics as well as political biographies, voting records, and lobby group ratings of current members of Congress.

Political Parties

Political Parties
• Democratic National Committee (http://www.democrats.org/)
  
• Green Party (http://www.greens.org/)
  
• Libertarian Party (http://www.lp.org/lp/lp.html)
  
• Natural Law Party (http://www.fairfield.com/nlpusa/NLP_HOME.html)
  
• Reform/Independence Party (http://web.archive.org/web/19961106014623/www.reformparty.org/)
  
• Republican National Committee (http://www.rnc.org/)

Countdown '96 (http://www.comeback.com/countdown/)

Comprehensive lists of state political parties and lobby groups or web sites by major issue in the campaign.

Political Index (http://www.politicalindex.com)

Especially strong in its listing of state and county political party web sites.

National Conventions

The Democratic National Convention (http://www.dncc96.org/) was held in Chicago, August 26-29, 1996, and the Reform Party Convention, (http://www.reformparty.org/convention/) in Long Beach, California on August 11 and Valley Forge, Pennsylvania on August 18, 1996. There were two web sites for the Republican National Convention held in San Diego, August 12-16, 1996:
• MicroNiche (http://emporium.turnpike.net/~walk/sandiego/conv_ctr/conv96sd.htm)
• San Diego Daily Tribune (http://www.sddt.com/files/convention.html )

Party Agendas and Platforms

• Democratic
  • Families First (http://www.dccc.org/families-first/index.html )
  • Platform 1996 (http://www.dncc96.org/platform/)
• Green Party USA (http://www.sfol.com/sfol/nonprofit/greens/gr1.html)
• Libertarian Party (http://www.lp.org/lp/platform/)
  
• Natural Law Party (http://www.natural-law.org/96-platform/96platform.txt)
  
• Reform Party (http://www.reformparty.org/convention/platform.htm)
• Republican
  • Contract with America (http://gopac.com/civics/contract.html )
    • Signatories in 1994 (http://www.lib.umich.edu/
      Documents.center/text/cwasign.txt)
  • Platform 1996 (http://www.rnc.org/hq/platform96/)

Presidential Candidates

Bill Bradley--Democrat, undeclared; Senate web page
(http://www.senate.gov/~bradley/)
Harry Browne--Libertarian Party (http://www.HarryBrowne96.org/)
Pat Buchanan--Republican (http://www.buchanan.org/index.shtml)
Bill Clinton/Al Gore--Democratic Party (http://www.cg96.org/)
Bruce Daniels--Democratic Party (http://www.daniels.winnipeg.mb.ca/)
Bob Dole/Jack Kemp--Republican Party (http://www.dole96.com)
Bob Dornan --Republican Party (http://www.umr.edu/~sears/primary/dornan.html )
Steve Forbes--Republican Party (http://www.forbes96.com)
John Hagelin--Natural Law Party (http://www.hagelin.org/hagelin/)
Alan Keyes --Republican Party (http://www.clark.net/pub/jeffd/keyes_96.html )
Richard Lamm--Reform Party (http://www.usnews.com/usnews/wash/lamhigh.htm)
Lyndon LaRouche (http://www.clark.net/larouche/welcome.html)
Richard Lugar--Republican Party (http://www.umr.edu/~sears/primary/lugar.html)
Ralph Nader--Green Party (http://www.rahul.net/cameron/nader/)

Pat Paulsen--Democratic Party (http://www.amdest.com/Pat/pat.html)
Colin Powell--Republican Party (http://members.aol.com/in96powell/index.htm)
Tom Shellenberg--Republican Party (http://www2.csn.net/~tshellen )
Arlen Specter Maury Taylor - Republican Party
--Republican Party (http://BizServe.com/specter/)
Pete Wilson--Republican Party (http://www.umr.edu/~sears/primary/wilson.html)
Vice Presidential Web Sites

• Engler for Vice President--Republican Party (http://simtel.coast.net/~mrcc/engler96/)
• Jack Kemp--Republican Party (http://www.sddt.com/features/convention/bios/jackemp.html)
NetVote (http://www.ypn.com/vote/)
The most current links to Presidential candidate web sites.

Public Opinion Polls

AllPolitics--Time/CNN (http://allpolitics.com/info/contents.shtml )
Current news coverage of the Presidential election with a special strength for primary exit polls and public opinion polls on the candidates and issues.

Gallup Polls (http://www.gallup.com/)

Results of weekly opinion polls on the Presidential race beginning February 1996.

National Election Studies Cen.for Pol.Studies (http://www.electionstudies.org/)

Voting, public opinion, and political participation studies. Studies 1994+ available for ftp for use with SAS or SPSS. Its Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior (http://www.electionstudies.org/nesguide/nesguide.htm) provides summary data on social, economic, partisanship, and public opinion, 1952 to present

Related Documents Center Web Sites

Documents in the News (http://www.lib.umich.edu/
Documents.center/docnews.html)
Government and non-government information on headline news, including welfare reform, the minimum wage, and flat tax proposals.

Government Resources on the Web (http://www.lib.umich.edu/

Documents.center/govweb.html)
Extensive, annotated links to information by and about the federal and state governments as well as international and foreign government agencies. Includes Congressional and Executive Agency research.

Political Science Resources on the Web (http://www.lib.umich.edu/

Documents.center/polisci.html)
Academic guide to political science research, including dissertations, periodicals, newspapers, foreign, and international politics.

United States Politics (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/

psusp.html)
Additional links to political parties, presidential candidates, and lobby groups.

Grace York, Political Science Librarian
Send comments and suggestions to graceyor@umich.edu

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/topelec.html

The Regents of the University of Michigan. All Rights Reserved

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