Optoelectronic Components and Materials Group

Textbook

• Organic Electronics: Foundations to Applications, S. R. Forrest, Oxford University Press, 2020.

Review Articles

• "Nexus of solar and thermal photovoltaic technology could help solve the energy storage problem ", A. Lenert and S. R. Forrest, Joule (2022).
• "Semitransparent organic photovoltaics for building-integrated photovoltaic applications", Y. Li, X. Huang, H.K.M. Sheriff, and S. R. Forrest, Nat. Rev. Mater., (2022).
• "Waiting for Act 2: what lies beyond organic light-emitting diode displays for organic electronics?", S. R. Forrest, Nanophotonics, (2020)
• "The limits to organic photovoltaic cell efficiency", S. R. Forrest, MRS Bulletin 30, 28, (2005)
• "The Path to Ubiquitous and Low Cost Organic Electronic Appliances on Plastic", S. R. Forrest, Nature (London), 428, 911, (2004)
• "White organic light emitting devices", B. D’Andrade and S. R. Forrest, Adv. Mater, 16, 1585, (2004)
• "Small Molecular Weight Organic Thin-Film Photodetectors and Solar Cells" P. Peumans, A. Yakimov, and S. R. Forrest, J. Appl. Phys., 93, 3693, (2003)
• "Ultrathin Organic Films Grown by Organic Molecular Beam Deposition and Related Techniques", S. R. Forrest, Chem. Rev, 97, 1793, (1997)
• "Optics and Photonics: Key Enabling Technologies", A. E. Wilner, R. L. Byer, C. J. Chang-Hasnain, S. R. Forrest, H. Kressel, H. Kogelnik, G. J. Tearney, C. H. Townes, and M. N. Zervas, Proc. IEEE, 100, 1604, (2012)
• "Prolog to the Section on Optics and Photonics", A. E. Wilner, R. L. Byer, C. J. Chang-Hasnain, S. R. Forrest, H. Kressel, H. Kogelnik, G. J. Tearney, C. H. Townes, and M. N. Zervas, Proc. IEEE, 100, 1600, (2012)
• "Organic Light Emitting Devices", M. Pfeiffer and S. R. Forrest, in Nanoelectronics and Information Technology: Advanced Electronic Materials and Novel Devices, 2nd. Ed. R. Waser, Ed., Ch. 38, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2012).

Projects

Textbook

Review Articles

Recent Publications

• 2023
• 2022
• 2021
• 2020

Publications of Special Interest

• " Near-perfect photon utilization in an air-bridge thermophotovoltaic cell ", D. Fan, T. Burger, S. McSherry, B. Lee, A. Lenert, and S.R. Forrest, Nature DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2717-7 (2020).
• " Intrinsically stable organic solar cells under high-intensity illumination ", Q. Burlingame, X. Huang, X. Liu, C. Jeong, C. Coburn, and S.R. Forrest, Nautre DOI:10.1038/s41586-019-1544-1 (2019).
• " Deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with very high brightness and efficiency ", J. Lee, H.F. Chen, T. Batagoda, C. Coburn, P.I. Djurovich, M.E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Nat. Mater. doi:10.1038/nmat4446 (2015).
• " Enhanced light extraction from organic light-emitting devices using a sub-anode grid ", Y. Qu, M. Slootsky, and S. R. Forrest, Nat. Photonics doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.194 (2015).
• " Charge transport and exciton dissociation in organic solar cells consisting of dipolar donors mixed with C70 ", O.L. Griffith, X. Liu, J.A. Amonoo, P.I. Djurovich, M.E. Thompson, P.F. Green, and S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B 92, 085404 (2015).
• " Ideal diode equation for organic heterojunctions. I. Derivation and application", N. C. Giebink, G. P. Wiederrecht, M. R. Wasielewski, and S. R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B 82, 155305 (2010)
• " Ideal diode equation for organic heterojunctions. II. The role of polaron pair recombination", N. C. Giebink, B. E. Lassiter, G. P. Wiederrecht, M.R. Wasielewski, S. R. Forrest Phys. Rev. B 82, 155306 (2010)
• " The Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Excitonic Solar Cells", N. C. Giebink, G. P. Wiederrecht, M. R. Wasielewski and S. R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B, 83, 195326 (2011)

Recent Publications

2024

• "Excitonic Shockley-Read-Hall recombination in organic semiconductors ", N.C. Giebink and S.R. Forrest, Phys Rev Applied (2024).
• "High-efficiency air-bridge thermophotovoltaic cells ", B. Roy-Layinde, J. Lim, C. Arneson, S.R. Forrest, and A. Lenert, Joule (2024).
• "Integrated Air-bridge tandem thermophotovoltaics with high efficiency over a broad heat source temperature range ", B. Roy-Layinde, J. Lim, A. Lenert, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Energy Lett (2024).
• "Reliability of colorfast semitransparent organic photovoltaics ", H.K.M. Sheriff, Y. Li, C.E. Arneson, and S.R. Forrest, Device (2024).
• "Stable blue phosphorescent organic LEDs that use polariton-enhanced Purcell effects ", H. Zhao, C.E. Arneson, D. Fan, and S.R. Forrest, Nature (2024).

2023

• "Guided Bloch surface wave polaritons on patterned distributed Bragg reflectors at room temperature ", B. Liu, J. Horowitz, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Photonics (2023).
• "Impact of dipolar moleculees on the reliability of organic photovoltaic cells ", X. Huang, Y. Li, and S.R. Forrest, Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. (2023).
• "Luminescent bimetallic two-coordinate gold(I) complexes utilizing Janus carbenes ", J. Ma, J. Schaab, S. Paul, S.R. Forrest, P.J. Djurovich, and M.E. Thompson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2023).
• "Modeling the charge and exciton distributions in phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes ", B. Qu, H. Zhao, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Photonics (2023).
• "Long-range propagation of exciton-polaritons in large-area 2D semiconductor monolayers ", B. Liu, J. Lynch, H. Zhao, B. R. Conran, C. McAleese, D. Jariwala, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Nano (2023).
• " Thermodynamic limit for excitonic light-emitting diodes ", N.C. Giebink and S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2023).
• "Enhanced photon utilization in single cavity mode air-bridge thermophotovoltaic cells ", J. Lim, B. Roy-Layinde, B. Liu, A. Lenert, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Energy Lett. (2023).
• "Interactions between nonfullerene acceptors lead to unstable ternary organic photovoltaic cells ", Y. Li, X. Huang, A.R. Mencke, and S.R. Forrest, PNAS (2023).
• " Cost estimates of roll-to-roll production of organic light emitting devices for lighting ", B. Qu, Z. Chen, L. Lahann, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Photonics (2023).
• " Robust constrained tension control for high-precision roll-to-roll processes ", Z. Chen, B. Qu, B. Jiang, S.R. Forrest, and J. Ni, ISA Transactions (2023).
• "Macroscopic transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers with uniformly high optical quality ", Q. Li, A. Alfrey, J. Hu, N. Lydick, E. Paik, B. Liu, H. Sun, Y. Lu, R. Wang, S. Forrest, and H. Deng, Nat. Commun. (2023).
• "Limits to the energy-conversion efficiency of air-bridge thermophotovoltaics ", J. Lim and S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Applied (2023).
• "Color-fast semi-transparent organic photovoltaics ", H.K.M. Sheriff, Y. Li, and S.R. Forrest, SPIE Proceedings (2023).
• "Solid-state lighting using side-by-side white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes ", C. Arneson, X. Huang, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Photonics (2023).
• "Control of host-matrix morphology enables efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting devices ", H. Zhao, J. Kim, K. Ding, M. Jung, Y. Li, H. Ade, J.Y. Leee, and S.R. Forrest, Adv. Mater. (2023).

2022

• "Sustaining efficiency at elevated power densities with InGaAs air bridge cells ", B. Roy-Layinde, T. Burger, D. Fan, B. Lee, S. McSherry, S. R. Forrest, and A. Lenert, Sol. Ener. Mater. & Sol. Cells (2022).
• "Characterizing and improving the thermal stability of organic photovoltaics based on halogen-rich non-fullerene acceptors ", K. Ding, Y. Li, S. R. Forrest, ACS App. Mater. & Inter. (2022).
• "Consensus Statement: Standardized reporting of power-producing luminescent solar concentrator performance ", C. Yang, et Al., Joule (2022).
• "Systemic 'double spiro' wide energy gap hosts for blue phosphorescent OLED device ", J. Ma, M. Idris, T. Y. Li, D. S. M. Ravinson, T. Fleetham, J. Kim, P. I. Djurovich, S. R. Forrest, and M. E. Thompson, Adv. Opt. Mater. (2022).
• "Multilevel peel-off patterning of a prototype semitransparent organic photovoltaic module ", X. Huang, D. Fan, Y. Li, S. R. Forrest, Joule (2022).
• "Air-bridge Si thermophotovoltaic cell with high photon utilization ", B. Lee, R. Lentz, T. Burger, B. Roy-Layinde, J. Lim, R. M. Zhu, D. Fan, A. Lenert, S. R. Forrest, ACS Ener. Lett. (2022).
• "Photocurrent generation following long-range propagation of organi cexciton-polaritons ", B. Liu, X. Huang, S. Hou, D. Fan, and S. R. Forrest, Optica (2022).
• "High quality factor microcavity for Van der Waals semiconductor polaritons using a transferrable mirror ", E. Y. Paik, L. Zhang, S. Hou, H. Zhao, Y.-H. Chou, S. R. Forrest, and H. Deng, Adv. Opt. Mater. (2022).
• "Semitransparent thermophotovoltaics for efficient utilization of moderate temperature thermal radiation ", T. Burger, B. Roy-Layinde, R. Lentz, Z. J. Berquist, S. R. Forrest, and A. Lenert, PNAS (2022).

2021

• " Aperiodic optical coatings for neutral-color semi-transparent organic photovoltaics ", H.K.M. Sheriff, Jr., Y. Li, B. Qu, and S.R. Forrest, Appl. Phys. Lett. DOI: 10.1063/5.0037104 (2021).
• " Relationship between charge-transfer state electroluminescence and the degradation of organic photovoltaics ", C. Arneson, X. Huang, X. Huang, D. Fan, M. Gao, L. Ye, H. Ade, Y. Li, and S.R. Forrest, Appl. Phys. Lett. DOI: 10.1063/5.037710 (2021).
• " Printable organic electronic materials for precisely positioned cell attachment ", J.A. Horowitz, X. Zhong, S.J. DePalma, M.R. Ward Rashidi, B.M. Baker, J. Lahann, and S.R. Forrest, Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03319 (2021).
• " Photogeneration and the bulk quantum efficiency of organic photovoltaics ", K. Ding, X. Huang, Y. Li, and S.R. Forrest, Energy and Environ. Sci. DOI: 10.1039/d0ee03885g (2021).
• " Blue emissive fac/mer-Iridium (III) NHC Carbene complexes and their application in OLEDs ", M. Idris, S.C. Kapper, A.C. Tadle, T. Batagoda, D. Sylvinson, M. Ravinson, O. Abimbola, P.I. Djurovich, J. Kim, C. Coburn, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, Adv. Opt. Mater. DOI: 10.1002/adom.202001994 (2021).
• " Van der Waals heterostructure polaritons with moiré-induced nonlinearity ", L. Zhang, F. Wu, S. Hou, Z. Zhang, Y.H. Choi, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S.R. Forrest, and H. Deng, Nature DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03228-5 (2021).
• " Mechanistic study of charge separation in a nonfullerene organic donor-acceptor blend using multispectral multidimensional spectroscopy ", Y. Song, X. Liu, Y. Li, H.H. Nguyen, R. Duan, K.J. Kubarych, S.R. Forrest, and J.P. Ogilvie, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00407 (2021).
• " A large area organic-transition metal dichalcogenide hybrid light emitting device ", J. Kim, S. Zhang, S. Hou, B. Lee, G. Wei, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Photonics DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00047 (2021).
• " Tuning the photophysical and electrochemical properties of Aza-boron-dipyridylmethene complexes for fluorescent blue OLEDs ", A.C. Tadle, K.A. El Roz, C. Soh, D. Sylvinson, M. Ravinson, P.I. Djurovich, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, Adv. Functional Mater. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101175 (2021).
• " Near-field thermophotovoltaics for efficient heat to electricity conversion at high power density ", R. Mittapally, B. Lee, L. Zhu, A. Reihani, J.W. Lim, D. Fan, S.R. Forrest, P. Reddy, and E. Meyhofer, Nat. Nanotech DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24587-7 (2021).
• " Scalable semitransparent prototype organic photovoltaic module with minimal resistance loss ", X. Huang, D. Fan, and S.R. Forrest, Org. Electron. DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2021.106276 (2021).
• " Molecular alignment of homoleptic Iridium phosphors in organic light-emitting diodes ", M.C. Jung, J. Facendola, J. Kim, D. Sylvinson, M. Ravinson, P.I. Djurovich, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson, Adv. Mater. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102882 (2021).
• " Neutralizing defect states in MoS₂ monolayers ", X. Huang, Z. Li, X. Liu, J. Hou, J. Kim, S.R. Forrest, and P. Deotare, ACS Appl. Mater. and Interfaces DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07956 (2021).
• " Non-fullerene acceptor organic photovoltaics with intrinsic operational lifetimes over 30 years ", Y. Li, X. Huang, K. Ding, H.K.M. Sheriff, Jr., L. Ye, H. Liu, C.-Z. Li, H. Ade, and S.R. Forrest, Nat. Commun. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25718-w (2021).
• " Understanding and Control of Compressively Buckled Semiconductor Thin Films", J. Lim, D. Fan, B. Lee, and S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Appl., DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.064010 (2021).

2020

• " Near-perfect photon utilization in an air-bridge thermophotovoltaic cell ", D. Fan, T. Burger, S. McSherry, B. Lee, A. Lenert, and S.R. Forrest, Nature DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2717-7 (2020).
• " New D-A-A'-configured small molecule donors employing conjugation to red-shift the absorption for photovoltaics ", C.K. Wang, X. Che, Y.C. Lo, Y.Z. Li, Y.H. Wang, S.R. Forrest, S.W. Liu, and K.T. Wong, ACES DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000635 (2020).
• " Reducing energy losses at the organic-anode-buffer interface of organic photovoltaics ", K. Ding and S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Applied DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.054046 (2020).
• " Temperature-dependence of an amorphous organic thin film polariton laser ", Y. Qu, S. Hou, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Photonics DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01656 (2020).
• " Ultralong-range energy transport in a disordered organic semiconductor at room temperature via coherent exciton-polariton propigation ", S. Hou, M. Khatoniar, K. Ding, Y. Qu, A. Napolov, V.M. Menon, and S.R. Forrest, Adv. Mat. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002127 (2020).
• " Using Fourier-plane imaging microscopy for determining transition-dipole-moment orientations in organic light-emitting devices ", J. Kim, H. Zhao, S. Hou, M. Khatoniar, V. Menon, and S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Applied DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.034048 (2020).
• " 15.9% organic tandem solar cell with extended near-infrared absorption ", X. Huang, B. Sun, Y. Li, C. Jiang, D. Fan, J. Fan, and S.R. Forrest, App. Phys. Letters DOI: 10.1063/5.0005172 (2020).
• " A 3D nonfullerene electron acceptor with a 9,9'-bicarbazole backbone for high-efficiency organic solar cells ", C. Jiang, X. Huang, B. Sun, Y. Li, M. Gao, L. Ye, H. Ade, and S.R. Forrest, Organic Electronics DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105784 (2020).
• " A highthroughput, linear molecular beam epitaxy system for reduced cost manufacturing of GaAs photovoltaic cells: will GaAs ever be inexpensive enough? ", B. Lee, D. Fan, and S.R. Forrest, Sus. Energy and Fuels DOI: 10.1039/c9se01255a (2020).
• " Color-neutral, semitransparent organic photovoltaics for power window applications ", Y. Li, X. Guo, Z. Peng, B. Qu, H. Yan, H. Ade, M. Zhang, and S.R. Forrest, PNAS DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007799117 (2020).
• " Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures ", M. V. Khenkin, et al., Nature Energy DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0529-5 (2020).
• " Twist-angle dependence of moiré excitons in WS₂/MoSe₂ heterobilayers ", L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Wu, D. Wang, R. Gogna, S. Hou, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, K. Kulkarni, T. Kuo, S.R. Forrest, and H. Deng, Nature Comm. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-010-19466-6 (2020).
• " Cost estimates of production scale semitransparent organic photovoltaic modules for building integrated photovoltaics ", B. Lee, L. Lahann, Y. Li, and S.R. Forrest, Sustainable Energy and Fuels DOI: 10.1039/d0se00910e (2020).
• " Fast organic vapor phase deposition of thin films in light-emitting diodes ", B. Qu, K. Ding, K. Sun, S. Hou, S. Morris, M. Shtein, and S.R. Forrest, ACS Nano DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07017 (2020).
• " Nanoscale mappign of morphology of organic thin films ", J. Kim, S. Hou, H. Zhao, and S.R. Forrest, Nano Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03440 (2020).
• " Kirigami-based complian mechanism for multi-axis optical tracking and energy harvesting applications ", E.E. Evke, C. Huan, Y.-W. Wu, M. Arwashan, B. Lee, S.R. Forrest, and M. Shtein, Adv. Eng. Mater. DOI: 10.1002/adem.202001079 (2020).

2019

• " Vacuum-deposited biternary organic photovoltaics ", Y. Li, H.K.M. Sheriff, Jr., X. Liu, C.K. Wang, K. Ding, H. Han, K.T. Wong, and S.R. Forrest, JACS DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09012 (2019).
• " Ultrastrong coupling of vibrationally dressed organic Frenkel excitons with Bloch surface waves in a one-sided all-dielectric structure ", S. Hou, Y. Que, X. Liu, and S. R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.045410 (2019).
• " Intrinsically stable organic solar cells under high-intensity illumination ", Q. Burlingame, X. Huang, X. Liu, C. Jeong, C. Coburn, and S. R. Forrest, Nature DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1544-1 (2019).
• " Electric-field-induced optical hysteresis in single-layer WSe_2 ", Z. Sun, J. Beaumariage, K. Xu, J. Liang, S. Hou, S.R. Forrest, S.K. Fullerton-Shirey, and D.W. Snoke, APL DOI: 10.1063/1.5123514 (2019).
• " Is there such thing as a molecular organic alloy? X. Huang, X. Liu, K. Ding, and S.R. Forrest, Materials Horizons DOI: 10.1039/c9mh01351b (2019).
• " Efficient charge generation via hole transfer in dilute organic donor-fullerene blends ", Y. Song, A. Schubert, X. Liu, S. Bhandari, S.R. Forrest, B.D. Dunietz, E. Geva, and J.P. Ogilvie, ChemRxiv DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.11328542.v1 (2019).
• " Systematic control of the orientation of organic phosphorescent Pt complexes in thin films for increased optical outcoupling ", J. Kim, T. Batagoda, J. Lee, D. Sylvinson, K. Ding, P. J. G. Saris, U. Kaipa, I. W. H. Oswald, M. A. Omary, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Adv. Mat. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900921 (2019).
• " Ultrathin, lightweight and flexible organic light-emitting devices with a high light outcoupling efficiency ", X. Huang, Y. Qu, D. Fan, J. Kim, and S. R. Forrest, Organic Electronics 69, 297-300 (2019).
• " Phenanthro[9,10-d]triazole and imidazole derivatives: high triplet energy host materials for blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices ", M. Idris, C. Coburn, T. Fleetham, J. Milam-Guerrero, P. I. Djurovich, S. R. Forrest, and M. E. Thompson, RSC DOI: 10.1039/c9mh00195f (2019).
• " Enhanced Light Utilization in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Using an Optical Outcoupling Architecture ", Y. Li, C. Ji, Y. Qu, X. Huang, S. Hou, C.Z. Li, L.S. Liao, L.J. Guo, and S.R. Forrest, Advanced Materials DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903173 (2019).
• " Energy loss in organic photovoltaics: nonfullerene versus fullerene acceptors ", X. Liu, Y. Li, K. Ding, and S. R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. Applied DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.024060 (2019).
• " Highly efficient photo- and electroluminescence from two-coordinate CU(I) complexes featureing nonconventional N-heterocyclic carbenes ", S.Shi, M. C. Jung, C. Coburn, A. Tadle, D. Sylvinson M.R., P. I. Djurovich, S. R. Forrest, and M. E. Thompson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 3576−3588 (2019).
• " From 2D to 3D: Strain- and elongation-free topological transformations of optoelectronic circuits ", D. Fan, B. Lee, C. Coburn, and S. R. Forrest, PNAS 116, 3968–3973 (2019).
• " Organic charge-coupled device ", C. Coburn, D. Fan, and S.R. Forrest,ACS Photonics 6, 2090-2095 (2019).
• " Engineering charge-transfer states for efficient, low-energy-loss organic photovoltaics ", X. Liu, B.P. Rand, S.R. Forrest, Trends in Chemistry DOI: 10.106/j.trechm.2019.08.001 (2019).
• " Modifying the spectral weights of vibronic transitions via strong coupling to surface plasmons ", R. Dshmukh, P. Marques, A. Panda, M.Y. Sfeir, S.R. Forrest, and V.M. Menon, ACS Photonics DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01357 (2019).