PPT Slide

4. Measures

• What is the difference between conceptual and measured variables?

• What is an operational definition?

• What are the differences among nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio

scale variables?

• What are projective tests, associative lists, and think-around

protocols? What is each designed to measure?

• What are Likert, semantic differential, and Guttman scales? What is

each used to measure?

• What is reactivity, and how can measured variables be designed to

avoid it?

• How are behavioral measures used in research?

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using self-report

versus behavioral measures?

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