Peripheral blood or bone marrow PRP: effect on fenestration defects

Objective:  This study histomorphometrically analyzed the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derived from either the peripheral blood (pb) or bone marrow aspirate (bma) on the healing of surgically created periodontal fenestration defects in rats.

 Method:  Thirty rats were divided into three groups: C (control), PRP-pb and PRP-bma. A periodontal fenestration defect was surgically created on the buccal aspect of the right mandibular first molar of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by a blood clot only. In Group PRP-pb, the defect was filled with platelet-rich plasma derived from peripheral blood. In Group PRP-bma, the defect was filled with platelet-rich plasma derived from bone marrow aspirate. Animals were euthanized at 30 days postoperative. Histometric (using image analysis software) and histologic analyses were performed. The percentages of new bone (NB), density of new bone (DNB), new cementum (NC) and the extension of the remaining defect (ERD) were histometrically evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance, Tukey, p < 0.05).

Result: Groups C, PRP-pb and PRP-bma presented similar amounts of NB (79 ± 15.53%,  81.17 ± 4.86% and 82.01 ± 12.97%, respectively) and DNB (67.01 ± 11.54%, 68.68 ± 3.8%  and 67.09 ± 10.69%, respectively). Cementum formation was not observed in any specimen of Group C.  New cementum was observed in groups PRP-pb (76.06 ± 13.92) and PRP-bma (95.08 ± 13.93). 

Conclusion:  Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that PRP-pb and PRP-bma promoted cementum formation in periodontal fenestration defects in rats. Bone formation was similar in all groups.