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Chapter 9: Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions and Bioreactors
Pharmacokinetics
Tissue water volumes, flow rates, and perfusion rates for the "standard" 69.4-kg man
|
Compartment |
Tissue |
H2O volume (l) |
Blood flow (ml/min) |
Perfusion rate (ml/min/ml H2O) |
Residence time (min) |
Source |
|
Central
|
Lungs |
0.37 |
5,000 |
13.33 |
0.07 |
a |
|
|
Kidneys |
0.21 |
1,100 |
5.14 |
0.19 |
a |
|
|
Blood |
2.84 |
5,000 |
1.76 |
0.57 |
a |
|
|
Brain |
1.03 |
700 |
0.68 |
1.47 |
a |
|
|
Heart, spleen |
1.18 |
350 |
0.29 |
3.37 |
a |
|
|
Bone |
2.44 |
250 |
0.10 |
10.00 |
a |
|
|
Skin |
3.49 |
300 |
0.085 |
11.63 |
a |
|
Muscle |
Fat |
3.76 |
200 |
0.053 |
18.80 |
a |
|
|
Muscle |
22.0 |
750 |
0.034 |
29.33 |
a |
|
Gastrointestinal tract |
Stomach/intestine |
2.40 |
900 |
0.375 |
2.67 |
a,b |
|
Liver
|
Liver |
1.08 |
1,350 |
1.25 |
0.80 |
a,c |
= 11.56 l
= 25.76 l
= 2.4 l
= 1.08 l
Total body water content is 40.8 l.
aAdapted from M. Rowland, T. N. Tozer, & R. Rowland, Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications, copyright 1995, with permission of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
bAdapted from R. F. Derr, Simulation studies on ethanol metabolism in different human populations with a physiological pharmacokinetic model, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 82(7), pp. 677-682, copyright 1993, with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
cAdapted from O. A. Larsen, K. Winkler, & N. Tygstrup, "Extra" plasma in the liver calculated from hepatic hematocrit in patients with portacaval anastomosis, Clinical Science 25(3), pp. 357-360, copyright 1963, with permission of Portland Press Ltd.