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Michigan Documents Center

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESOURCES
Legislative Branch

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MEMBERS
Biographies | Compensation | Congressional Districts | Directories | Staff

LEGISLATION
Background | Bill Drafting | Bills | Committee Calendars | Committee Hearings
Committee Markups/Votes | Committee Prints | Comprehensive Guides | Congressional Research Service
Debates | Documents | Executive Docs and Reports | Floor Calendars | Floor Votes | Hearings | News | Politics
Reports | Serial Set | Vetoes | Years/Congress Conversion Table

SUPPORT AGENCIES
CBO | CRS | GAO | GPO | LC | OTA

Related Pages
Constitution | Laws | Legislative Histories Guide
Legislative Histories Tutorial | Public Policy Matrix

Directory Search

Last updated on February 4, 2019

Class Assignments

Legislative History Chart

    • Graphically summarizes the steps in the legislative process
    • Links to public access and campus-licensed web products

Public Policy Matrix

    • Detailed summary of legislative process from identifying a problem, to legislation to executive branch solutions to influences on politicians
    • Provides hot links to public access and campus-licensed web sites

Members of Congress

Directories

Biographies

    • Almanac of American Politics
      • Arranged by state and Congressional District
      • Detailed political profile of each district as well as demographic statistics
      • Political profiles of individual Members of Congress with brief election data, lobby group ratings, key votes in Congress, and campaign finances
      • Paper copy in Documents Center (JK 1012 .A44) with older issues in Graduate Library stacks
      • Web Version available to University of Michigan users since 1998

    • Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774+ (Senate)
      • Substantial biographies of all Senators, Representatives, and other delegates to Congress, Continental Congress to the present
      • Includes links to the location of their research papers
      • Search by first name, last name, position, state, party, and/or year

    • Black Americans in Congress
      • Biographies of 123 African Americans serving in Congress, 1870-2007 as senators and representatives
      • Includes artifacts and historical data, including committee assignments, leadership positions, and states represented

    • CQ Congress Collection (UMich Only)
      • Analyze members of Congress by gender, race (white, black, Native American, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic) as well as religion, occupation and veteran status
      • Data begins with the 79th Congress, 1945
      • Also includes roll call votes, lobby group ratings, and party unity scores

    • Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
      • Interactive search for Members of Congress since 1989
      • Search terms include sex, race, party, birthdate, educational attainment, alma mater, religion

    • Ethnic Majority, Current
      • Links to national and state political organizations for African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians
      • List and web links to current African American, Hispanic and Asian members of Congress

    • Official Congressional Directory (GPO)
      • Biographies of Congresspersons as well as the counties and zip codes represented and staff members, 104th Congress, 1995+
      • Committee and subcommittee memberships and staff
      • Searchable but not browsable
      • Index retrieves section of book rather than specific information
      • Updated once per year
      • Editions for 1852-1958 available on the web through the Hathi Trust with paper copies in the Graduate Library stacks or Buhr (JK 1011)

    • Political Graveyard
      • Cemeteries in which over 100,000 federal, state and local politicians are buried
      • Arranged by name of person, office, birth and death years
      • Cemeteries arranged alphabetically and by state/county
      • Brief political biography of politician with links to fuller biographies as available
      • Cemetery lists provide biographies of politicians with some links to the Tiger Map Server
      • Extensive section on political families although relationships also shown under the name search

    • Project Vote Smart
      • Campaign finances, lobby group ratings and sample votes of Representatives and Senators
      • Answers to National Political Awareness Test (stance on specific issues) if available

    • Who's Who in the Federal Government (U.Memphis)
      • Links to biographies of the cabinet and heads of independent agencies
      • Includes links to Congressional committee chairs

    • Women and Minorities in Congress (Congressional Quarterly)

    • Women in Congress (Clerk of the House)
      • Lists of all women serving in the House and Senate since 1917
      • Brief biographies and fact lists (who succeeded husband, who married another Congressman, etc.
      • The web site is updated continuously
      • There is also a book form copy of the same work

Compensation

    • Congressional Quarterly's Guide to Congress, 5th edition (Doc. Cen. JK 1021 .C75 2000)
      • Carries a history of Congressional salaries in vol. 2, p. 776
      • 2000 salary was $141,300 for both Senators and Representatives

    • Legistorm
      • Database of trips made by Members of Congress with price, destination, and who paid for it
      • Salaries for Senators and Representatives in 2008 were $169,300

    • Power Trips (American Radioworks)
      • Travel expenses, 2000-2005, by individual Congressmen and Senators
      • Travel money spent by the political parties
      • Most expensive trips and groups contributing the most to Congressional travel

    • Senate Ledger, 1790-1881
      • Digitized record of compensation and mileage reimbursements paid to Senators

Congressional Districts

District Maps

    • Congressional District Maps: 111th Congress (Chris Chubb)
      • Choose name of state; then either pan or choose city or district number to view
      • Map displays county and city names in a district as well as the representative
      • Coloring is by political party of current office holder

    • Official Congressional Directory
      • Individual maps for each state appear in pdf format toward the end of the Congressional Directory
      • Online available, 1995+ through GPO Access
      • Editions for 1852-1958 available on the web through the Hathi Trust with paper copies in the Graduate Library stacks or Buhr (JK 1011) but only those 1920+ can be confirmed to have maps

    • Historical Atlas of Congressional Districts, 1789-1983
      • Available in paper copy only in Documents Center (G1201.F9 M31 1982)

    • American Factfinder
      • Draw Congressional District boundary maps by first going to Reference Maps
      • Then search or browse for name of state
      • Under Boundaries choose Boundaries and Labels for STATE, COUNTIES, CITIES, PLACES, and CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

    • Government Redistricting Web Sites (Purdue)
      • Links to the Congressional redistricting web sites of most states in 2001
      • Often they provide proposed maps, statistics, and redistricting rules

    • Zip Codes

Congressional District Data

    • 2000 Census Data, 106th-110th Congresses

    • 106th Congressional District Census Data (UMich)
      • Labelled Excel spreadsheets with demographic profile data for each 106th Congressional District
      • Covers population, social characteristics, economic characteristics, and housing characteristics
      • In EXCEL, highlight the entire spreadsheet, then select DATA/SORT/COLUMN NAME/DESCENDING to rank districts by most to least under any given category

    • Congressional District Data Book, 87th Congress, (HA205 .A48 1961)
    • Congressional District Data Book, 88th Congress, (HA205 .A48 1963)
    • Congressional District Data Book, 93rd Congress, (HA205 .A48 1973)

House/Senate

    • House of Representatives Web Site
      • Member and committee directories
      • Committee schedules, roll call votes

    • Senate Web Site
      • Directories of Senators with name and state
      • Includes biographies, committee assignments
      • Links to web sites of individual Senators
      • Lists of Senate e-mail addresses
      • Committee, leadership, procedural, and historical information


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Staff

    • Congressional Yellow Book, 1985+
      • Most current directory of Congress available
      • Brief biographies of Congressmen and great detail on legislative staff assignments in Washington and in their respective districts
      • Directories of committees and subcommittees with similar detail on their legislative staffs
      • JK 1083 .C75 with current in Documents Center
      • Congressional Staff Directory (JK 1012 .C75 with current in Documents Center) covers the period 1959-2003

    • Congressional Staff Employment Surveys (Congressional Management Organization)
      • Typical salaries of Congressional staff members by position, average age, and years of experience
      • Taken biennially for the House and Senate
      • Only the Senate Study, 1991-2001 is still free on the web

    • Legistorm
      • Salaries of Congressional staff members, including interns
      • Searchable by name, Member of Congress, and committee


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Legislation

Background | Bill Drafting | Bills | Committee Calendars | Committee Hearings
Committee Markups/Votes
Committee Prints | Comprehensive Guides | Congressional Research Service
Debates | Documents | Floor Calendars | Floor Votes | News | Politics
Reports | Serial Set | Years/Congress Conversion Table

Comprehensive Guides

    • CQ Guide to Congress (UMich Only)
      • Detailed history of Congress and legislative procedure
    • How a Bill Becomes a Law (Dirksen Center)
      • Compact but entertaining tool for undertstanding the federal legislative process
      • Each unit from introduction to bill signing includes legislative definitions, strategies, statistics and quirks, and the legislative junkie (links to information sources)

    • Legislative Histories in the United States Congress
      • Step-by-step guide for class assignments
      • Includes legislative histories, lobby groups, and campaign finances
    • Legislative Sourcebook (Law Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C.)
      • Treasures include establishing persistent links to THOMAS and GPO legislative documents and GAO reports
      • Table lists Congresses, 1789-1999, plus serial set volumes and Presidential Executive Orders
      • Excellent lists of House and Senate hearings on the web
    • Library of Congress
      • Extensive, annotated list of government and non-government legislative sources
    • Vital Statistics on the Congress
    • Years of Congress Conversion Table (Univ. of North Texas)
      • List each Congress and session, beginning with the first in 1789
      • Provides the opening and closing date
      • Especially handy for tracking the text of bills, hearings, and committee reports when only the Congress is cited


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Background Information

    • Almanac of Policy Issues
      • Extensive web site on nine policy areas: criminal justice, culture and society, economics, education, environment, government operations, health, social welfare, and world affairs
      • Each section is divided into 4-10 subtopics
      • Provides a non-partisan back to the issues
      • Links to articles on all sides of the subject as well as primary documents and related government agencies, think tanks, and organizations

    • CNN Politics
      • Today's political news from Time, CNN, and Congressional Quarterly

    • Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only)
      • Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
      • Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
      • Roll call votes
      • Political party and election analysis
      • Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable
      • Congressional Quarterly Almanac (UMich Only) is a detailed summary of the weekly reports, 1946-2006.

    • Environment and Energy News
      • Daily publication on environmental and energy legislation

    • Hill on the Web
      • Weekly newspaper on Congress with focus on behind the scenes information about members
      • Searchable archives since June 1999

    • National Journal (UMich Only)
      • Full text of the National Journal, which analyzes executive branch politics, since 1977
        • Paper copy also in Graduate Library as JK 1 .N28 with current issues in Documents Center
      • Almanac of American Politics, which analyzes Congressional Districts and the politics of their representatives, since 1998
      • Committee Markup Reports since 1999
      • Public opinion polls and election polls since the late 1990s
      • Congress Daily

    • PBS Political Wrap
      • Transcripts of daily political news reported by PBS beginning 1998
      • Includes links to background information

    • Roll Call
      • Several articles on todays Congressional news; archive only by subscription
      • Extensive policy briefings on a current topic (e.g. appropriations) changed every few weeks
      • Full text since 1989 also available in Academic Universe (UMich Only)


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Bill Drafting

Bills

    • THOMAS* (Public Access)
      • Full text of Congressional bills, 1989+
      • Best source for keyword indexing of bills
      • Advanced search can narrow indexing by bill sponsor, committee, dates, and legislative status (introduced, passed, vetoed, etc)
      • Includes text of all bill versions, legislative status, and links to reports, debates and roll call votes
      • Indexes bills 1973+ by sponsor, subject, and stage in the legislative process
      • For older bills, use the ADVANCED search; choose Congress ahead of time by using UNT's Years of Congress Conversion Table

    • Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
      • Indexes bills beginning 1989; provides full text and legislative status
      • Complete legislative histories for bills passed into law

    • Bills via GPO FDSYS (Public Access)
      • Search Congressional bills by up to five criteria since 1993
      • Best public source for downloading complete text of bills

    • History of Bills (Public Access)
      • Search bills beginning 1983 by keyword or bill number
      • Use parentheses for phrase: "S.J.Res.7" or "balanced budget"
      • Provides references to the Congressional Record, including: introduction, committee referral, debate, votes
      • Does not provide the complete text of the Record

      Historical Bill Texts

      Time CoverageSource
      1989+ Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
      1989+ THOMAS
      1979-2000 Documents Center Microfiche
      1933+ Law Library Micro 10 S-502
      1900-1932 No complete set known. Try printed Congressional Record (J 11.R) or the House and Senate reports as listed in Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
      1789-1899 Serials and Microforms
      FILM X557 = House
      FILM X558 = Senate

Committee Calendars

    • House and Senate Floor Calendars
      • These contain the history of bills and resolutions as well as statistics on legislative days in Congress
      • Congress Merge has the current House and Senate calendars
      • Calendars beginning with the 104th Congress, 1995/96 are available through GPO Access
      • The Documents Center has some older House calendars under the call number: J 47 .A3

    • Committee Calendars
      • The House of Representatives and Senate link to current committees and their calendars
      • The Documents Center has annual paper calendars going back to 1989 in its stacks, shelved just before the current Senate and House Documents and Reports
      • Congressional Universe carries the full text of calendars since approximately 1970 in its COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS/ADVANCED SEARCH/COMMITTEE PRINTS collection


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Committee Publications

    • Committee Hearings
      • Congressional Universe/LexisNexis Congressional (UMich Only)
        • Indexes committee hearings, prints and reports since 1789
        • Provides the full text of all published hearings, 1833-2003, and committee prints since 1830
        • Provides access to the full text of selected published and not-yet-published hearings beginning 1988 and reports since 1989
        • Most publications for the past six years are available in the Documents Center in paper copy under their SUDOCS (Y1, Y4 or Y10) numbers all publications are available in the Documents Center on microfiche
        • Video on Congressional Universe (9 minutes, wmv)
          • Focuses on search techniques but pre-dates full text of hearings, committee prints, CRS Reports, and bound Congressional Record

      • Congressional Hearings via GPO/FDSYS (Public Access)
        • Full text of selected Congressional hearings beginning with 1995, and committee prints since 1987
        • Searchable by keywords in the full text, metadata, date, committee and subcommittee, nominee, SUDOCS class number
        • Search results may be narrowed by data, committee, organization, committee member, or location
        • Full text available in pdf
        • Hearings also browsable by committee

      • Congressional Publications (Public Access)
        • Lists Congressional hearings and committee prints available in online full text from the Government Printing Office, roughly since 1997
        • Links to committee web sites with either the links to full texts or the links to submitted testimony
        • Created by the Law Librarians' Society of Washington D.C.

      • Congressional Hearings Finding Guide
        • Location of printed and microfiche hearings at the University of Michigan Library

      • C-Span (Public Access)
        • Television coverage of Congressional floor and committee proceedings translated into real audio; requires helper application
        • Current Congressional television programming

      • Historic Digitized Hearings (Public Access)


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    • Committee Prints
      • Congressional Universe/LexisNexis Congressional (UMich Only)
        • Indexes committee hearings, prints and reports since 1789
        • Provides the full text of all published hearings, 1833-2003, and committee prints since 1830
        • Provides access to the full text of selected published and not-yet-published hearings beginning 1988 and reports since 1989
        • Most publications for the past six years are available in the Documents Center in paper copy under their SUDOCS (Y1, Y4 or Y10) numbers all publications are available in the Documents Center on microfiche
        • Video on Congressional Universe (9 minutes, wmv)
          • Focuses on search techniques but pre-dates full text of hearings, committee prints, CRS Reports, and bound Congressional Record

      • Congressional Prints via GPO/FDSYS (Public Access)
        • Full text of selected Congressional hearings beginning with 1995 and committee prints with 1987
        • Searchable by keywords in the full text, metadata, date, committee and subcommittee, nominee, SUDOCS class number
        • Search results may be narrowed by data, committee, organization, committee member, or location
        • Full text available in pdf
        • Hearings also browsable by committee

      • Congressional Publications (Public Access)
        • Lists Congressional hearings and committee prints available in online full text from the Government Printing Office, roughly since 1997
        • Links to committee web sites with either the links to full texts or the links to submitted testimony
        • Created by the Law Librarians' Society of Washington D.C.


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    • Reports and Documents
      • Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
        • Full text of REPORTS since 1989
        • Indexed by keyword, subject, committee, date, and bill number
        • REPORTS and DOCUMENTS, 1789-1969, also appear in the Congressional Serial Set section

      • GPO FDSYS (Public Access)
        • Full text of both REPORTS and DOCUMENTS since the 104th Congress, 1995

      • THOMAS (Public Access)
        • Page down to Committee Information to locate
        • Full text of committee REPORTS (i.e. recommendations on legislation) searchable by keyword, bill number, report number, and committee
        • Reports segmented into easily viewable segments
        • Links to the full text of the legislation in question and legislative status

Historical Reports and Documents

    • Congressional Serial Set, 1789-1969 (UMich Only)
      • Serial Set section of LEXIS-NEXIS Congressional has the full text of over 333,000 documents and 50,000 maps
      • Includes all legislative reports on bills, some hearings, national commission reports, and most Executive Branch documents issued during the 19th Century
      • Source for social, military, economic, and technology history (immigration, Civil War, Treasury annual reports, lighthouses) as well as geographic explorations
      • Indexed by subject, keyword, author, geography, bill number, law number, witness name, serial number, and SUDOCS number
      • Video on Congressional Universe (9 minutes, wmv)
      • Congressional Serial Set Online Exhibit
      • Select Volumes Digitized by Google

    • Executive Documents and Reports
      • Most House and Senate Executive Reports and Documents appear in the Serial Set
      • Those not appearing in the Serial Set are still listed in LEXIS Congressional but without a link to the full text
      • The Documents Center owns the CIS Index to US Senate Executive Documents and Reports, 1817-1969 (Doc. Cen. Z 1223 .Z7 C5711)
      • The microfiche are located in the Law Library: Micro-10 S515

    • Serial Set (Public Access)
      • Selected Senate Documents, 1789-1835, 1899, and 1904-05, digitized by the Library of Congress
      • The Hathi Trust also provides public access volumes digitized by Google

    • Serial Set at the University of Michigan
      • Location of Congressional Serial Set in paper and microfiche
      • Indexes and conversion tables from individual number to bound volume number

    • Schedule of Volumes (LLSDC)
      • List of individual Serial Set volumes beginning 1970 and the reports/documents each bound volume contains
      • Continues listings found in Congressional Universe (UMich Only)

    • Table of Congressional Volumes and Presidential Issuances: 1789 to present (LLSDC - pdf)
      • Lists Congress, year, and first Serial Set volume number
      • The Serial Set is the bound version of House and Senate Reports and Documents

    • Legislative Archives (NARA)
      • Guide to unpublished legislative and Congressional committee documents beginning 1789
      • Instructions for obtaining the material from the National Archives


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Committee Markups and Votes

    • Markup Definitions
      • Markups are committee meetings held after the hearings to make changes in a bill and make recommendations to the floor about its passage
      • Votes are taken among committee members to determine whether the bill should be referred to the floor for consideration
      • Reports are issued if the committee determines to recommend the bill
      • Markup sessions are covered primarily by the press rather than official government reporters

    • LexisNexis Congressional Universe Markup Reports (UMich Only)
      • Some committees (House Foreign Affairs) publish their markups as part of their hearings; others (House Science and Technology) publish them in their reports
      • To identify them, use the keyword markup when searching for hearings and reports
      • The Federal Documents Clearing House and Federal News Service also publish selected markups; use the keyword markup in addition to your subject when searching in full text

    • National Journal Markup Reports (UMich Only)
      • Full text of committee discussions and votes since 1999
      • Searchable by committee or subcommittee, keyword, date, and bill number

    • Print sources for Markups:
      • The text of markups often appears in the printed hearings of the House Agriculture and Foreign Affairs/International Relations committees
      • Votes occasionally appear in the House and Senate Reports submitted on bills


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Congressional Research Service Reports

Floor Calendars

    • GPO Access
      • Floor calendars for the House and Senate beginning 104th Congress


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Floor Debates

    • Century of American Lawmaking (Library of Congress), 1774-1875
      • TIFF images of the
        • Journals of the Continental Congress (1774-93)
        • Annals of Congress (1789-1824) (and Grad stacks: J 11 .A)
        • Register of Debates (1824-1837) (and Grad stacks J 11.D)
        • Congressional Globe (1833-1873) (and Grad stacks J 11.G)
        • House and Senate Journals (1789-1873)
        • Senate Executive Journal (1789-1873) (and Grad stacks JK 1251 .A2)
        • Journal of William Maclay (1789-91)
      • Individual issues browsable; search engine for entire collection rather than individual titles

    • Congressional Record, 1873+
      • Full text of debates and roll call votes
      • Daily Digest summarizes days events in and outside committee
      • Indexed by bill, Member of Congress and subject
      • Graduate Library stacks: J 11 .R
      • DIGITAL VERSIONS
        • Congressional Record via LexisNexis Congressional Universe (UMich Only), 1985+
          • Indexes the floor debates in the Daily Congressional Record since 1985 by keyword, speaker, and date
            • Access from a separate section on the lefthand menu
            • Provides the full text
          • Indexes the Bound Congressional Record
            • As of June 2009, the date coverage was 1957-97, but expansion back to 1873 to be completed by December 2009
            • Access through a tab under Congressional Publications
            • Also provides the full text
        • Congressional Record via Hein Online, 1873-2004 (UMich Only)
          • Browsable and searchable version of the bound Congressional Record
          • Annual indexes can be especially helpful in locating information by type
        • Congressional Record Index, 1983+ (Public Access)
          • Keyword index to the Congressional Record since 1983
          • Record includes articles, bills, reports, and remarks with a citation to the date and page of the Congressional Record daily edition
        • Congressional Record via GPO Access, 1994+ (Public Access)
          • Full text of the Congressional Record beginning 1994
        • Congressional Record via THOMAS, 1993+ (Public Access)
          • Congressional bills and Congressional Record, 1993+
          • Best public source for keyword indexing of bills and Congressional Record due to proximity searching
          • Best source for text of the Congressional Record
          • Includes text of all bill versions

    • House Journal
      • Procedural moves in the House of Representatives without debates
      • Used for legal purposes
      • Full text browsable and searchable, 1991-99


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Roll Call Votes

    • Congress Votes Database (Washington Post)
      • Complete list of floor roll call votes in the House and Senate since the 102nd Congress, 1991
      • Sections for each Congress list House and Senate votes and votes by bill number
      • Links from the main listing for each Congress provide analyses of individual roll call outcomes by party, state, region, gender, boomer status and astrological sign
      • Overall for each Congress there are analyses of those votes with the widest and narrowest margins, late night votes, and members who missed the most votes
      • There is also a full list of members for each Congress with brief biographies, a list of their individual roll call votes and how they compared with GOP and Democratic opinion
      • Spanning all Congresses is an analysis of roll call votes for building designations, impeachments, nominations, speaker elections, treaties, and vice-presidential tiebreakers

    • House of Representatives Roll Call Votes
      • Votes tracked by Clerk of the House beginning 1990
      • Arranged by year with most current vote first
      • Table provides vote number, bill number, brief description, and result of vote
      • Click on vote number for a summary of yeas and nays by party and for votes of individual members

    • Project Vote Smart
      • Roll call votes on selected issues beginning with the 104th Congress
      • Arranged by subject and then by vote, party affiliation, and member

    • Senate Roll Call Votes
      • List of floor votes in reverse chronological order beginning with the 101st Congress, 1989
      • List links to a separate record providing the votes of individual senators on an issue

    • Voteview (Princeton)
      • Free software download to analyze key roll call votes in Congress, 1789-1988
      • Choose issue to determine number of yea and nay votes by party
      • May map the data by geography or ideology
      • Does not include the names of individual Members of Congress

Legislative Histories

    • Detailed guide to tracing legislation
    • Includes committee, member, and political information


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Congressional Politics

Congressional Elections 1996+

    • Annotated list of the best election web sites
    • Candidate web sites, campaign finances, and opinions on issues
    • Primary, caucus and convention information

Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only)

    • Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
    • Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
    • Current roll call votes
    • Political party and election analysis
    • Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable

Policy Agendas Project (University of Washington)

    • Determine the amount of attention government gave to 19 major topics, 220 subtopics, or a section of the budget, 1946-2002
    • Filters allow you to choose topics and the type of material (budget, Congressional hearings, Presidential executive orders, laws, New York Times articles, CQ Almanac articles, and the Gallup Most Important Problem Index
    • Results yield data and graphs
    • Additional dataset tools available

Political Party Agendas

    • American Presidency Project (UCSB)
      • Political party platforms beginning 1840
      • Includes third party platforms when the party received an electoral vote

    • Contract with America
      • Ten policy changes the Republican candidates for the 104th Congress House of Representatives brought to the table
      • Includes bill text and description
      • Paper copy located in Documents Center and Undergraduate Library: JK 271 .C7331 1994
      • Signatories in 1994

Political Science Resources on the Web

    • Current newspapers, news magazines, and periodicals

Pig Book (Citizens Against Government Waste)

    • Listing of pork barrel appropriations for FY 2008 by subject and state
    • Oinker Awards (most obvious pork) and pork barrel per capita


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Support Agencies

Congressional Budget Office

    • Economic Budget and Outlook projects trends in federal income and expenditures
    • Revenue implications of proposed legislation
    • Staff testimony before Congressional committees

General Accounting Office

    • Renamed Government Accountability Office in 2004
    • General Accounting Office
      • Lists of recently-released "Reports and Testimonies" beginning with August 1995
      • GAO policy documents and decisions of the Comptroller General
    • General Accounting Office Reports to Congress:
      • GAO Blue Book Reports (GPO Access)
        • Full text of "Reports to Congress" on government resource management, October 1, 1994+
        • Searchable by keyword in text, report title, report identifier, and date
        • For a known report number, use quotation marks and type the number as shown: "PEMD-95-1"
      • Use the National Economic, Social and Environmental Data Bank CD-ROM, issued through August 1995 and located in Documents Center, to index earlier reports
      • Selected reports are available in paper copy (HJ 10 .R44), GPO microfiche (Micro-F X255), and American Statistics Index microfiche; ask Documents Center staff for assistance
      • For historical reports not available at the University of Michigan, contact the General Accounting Office Documents Distribution Service at 202-512-6000

Government Printing Office

    • Indexes federal government publications since January 1994 and will ultimately provide links to federal depository libraries receiving those publications
    • Indexes Dept. of Energy and GPO sales publications
    • Links to GPO Access sites for the Federal Register, Congressional Records, bills, and GAO reports

Library of Congress

    • Links to THOMAS (bills and Congressional Record),and other federal and state government Internet sources
    • Extensive section on Congress found under "Explore the Internet"
    • Describes POW/MIA data base

Office of Technology Assessment

    • The OTA published research reports on science and technology policy until eliminated
    • Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School is a main site for the full text of the OTA reports
    • University of North Texas Cybercemetery is the official GPO historical site
    • Additional sources:
      • All reports, 1972-95, are available on CD-ROM in the Documents Center (Do 73)
      • Search MIRLYN for printed copies of OTA reports
      • OTA reports may also be available on Congressional Information Service microfiche located in the Documents Center


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Regulations | Taxes | Trademarks | Web Site Directories | White House
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